Ⅰ、Dandelion Extract Introduction
Dandelion, as a plant used for both food and medicine, is rich in nutrients, mainly flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenoids, polysaccharides, etc., of which the contents of VC and VB2 are higher than those of vegetables consumed in daily life, and the content of minerals is also higher, and it also contains selenium. Studies have shown that the phenolic acids in dandelion extract have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunity-enhancing, antioxidant and free radical-scavenging effects. Dandelion possesses the function of both medicine and food, it has the function of clearing heat and detoxification, diuretic and knot-dispersing. The main components of medicinal dandelion include: carotenoids, polysaccharides, flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenoids, phytosterols, coumarins and so on.In England in the 16th century, it became the official medicine of the apothecaries under the name of the herb dandelion and was widely accepted as a popular remedy for the liver and digestive system. In Germany in the 16th century, dandelion was widely used to "clear the blood" and congest the liver. It is indeed a worldwide herb and is still used today in Switzerland, Poland, Hungary and Russia. Poland, Hungary and Russia still use it as an official medicine. Its medicinal and nutritional effects have been extensively studied in many European countries. Dandelion has also been used for centuries as a liver tonic in China, India and Nepal.
Ⅱ、Active Ingredients of Dandelion Extract
Dandelion whole herb contains taraxasterol, choline, inulin, pectin and so on. The roots contain taraxerol, taraxerol, ψ-glucosterol, taraxasterol, β-vanillinol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, choline, organic acids, fructose, sucrose, glucose, glucoside, as well as resins, rubber and so on. Leaves contain lutein, butterfly plum yellow pigment, chlorophyll quinone,. Flowers contain arnica diol, luteolin and mullein flavin. The pollen contains β-sitosterol, 5z-stigmast-7-en-3β-ol, folic acid and vitamin C. The green calyx contains chlorophyll quinone. Flower stems contain β-sitosterol and β-vanillinol.
Ⅲ、Effects of Dandelion Extract
1、Antibacterial effect
Dandelion injection has strong bactericidal effect on drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and hemolytic streptococcus in vitro, and also has certain bactericidal effect on S. pneumoniae, S. meningitidis, S. diphtheriae, P. aeruginosa, S. pyogenes, S. dysentery, S. typhimurium and S. catharticus. Dandelion extract (1:400) can inhibit tubercle bacilli in the test tube. Dandelion decoction (1:80) retarded ECHO11 virus cytopathy. Alcoholic extract of Dandelion 31mg/kg killed Leptospira. The aqueous extract had inhibitory effect on various skin fungi. The decoction is orally administered to rats, and is well absorbed, and can maintain a certain antibacterial effect in the urine.
2、Hepatoprotective and choleretic effect
Animal experiments show that: the use of dandelion decoction by gavage or dandelion injection, carbon tetrachloride-induced elevation of ghrelin has a significant inhibition; can significantly alleviate the histological changes caused by carbon tetrachloride liver injury. It has been reported that dandelion has a choleretic effect in animals. Gastric gavage of dandelion liquid can make the gallbladder contraction, sphincter of Oddi relaxation, which is conducive to the discharge of bile into the intestines. Clinically, it is effective in chronic gallbladder spasm and stone disease.
3、Anti-ulcer effect
Dandelion decoction to rats gavage on stress ulcer has a significant protective effect; on anhydrous ethanol caused by gastric mucosal damage in rats also has a significant protective effect; and can significantly fight against pylorus ligation of gastric ulcer formation in rats. When dandelion is combined with Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng and Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, there is a synergistic effect against gastric ulcer, and the three of them form a compound formula with stronger antiulcer effect. It has been reported that the mechanism of anti-gastric ulcer and gastric mucous membrane damage of this compound may be related to the effect of endogenous PGE2 content in gastric tissue.
4、the role of immune function
Dandelion decoction can significantly increase the conversion rate of human peripheral blood lymphoblastoid cells in vitro. Dandelion polysaccharide can significantly enhance the intensity of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in the foot pads of mice caused by Ehrlich's carcinoma and MM46 tumor cell antigen, and have the characteristics of the more effective the later the time of administration, i.e., in the antigenic stimulation on the 11th to 20th day of the drug or 2-20 every other day of the drug has a significant effect. Dandelion polysaccharide intraperitoneal injection can significantly enhance the cytotoxic effect of antibody-dependent macrophages in mice.
5、Other effects
According to the survey, the efficacy of dandelion extract is very effective in the treatment of edema, diuresis, and in other diseases. There are many people choose to eat dandelion root and grass leaves part for health care and antidiarrheal effect. Dandelion is also known for its ability to heal snake bites.
Ⅳ、Applications of Dandelion Extract
Dandelion is widely used as a tonic in North America and Eastern Europe. Dandelion extract has been approved by the U.S. FDA as a Class I GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) food ingredient. The extract is used as a flavor ingredient in a variety of edible products, including alcoholic (e.g., bitters) and non-alcoholic beverages, frozen desserts, candies, baked goods, jellies, puddings, and cheeses.
Ⅴ、Industry Development Status of Dandelion Extract
The global Dandelion Extract market size was about 0.03 billion USD in 2022, with a CAGR of about % from 2018 to 2022, and is expected to continue to grow at a steady pace in the future, with the market size approaching 0.40 billion USD in 2029, and CAGR of 5.2% in the next six years.
Worldwide, China and Europe are the major manufacturing regions. China is the leader in the dandelion extract market, with its revenue accounting for 64% of the total market share in 2019.
North America, Europe and Asia Pacific are the major consuming regions of the global dandelion extract market. Among them, North America is the largest consuming region.North America dandelion extract consumption accounted for about 45% of the global consumption in 2019.
The downstream applications of dandelion extract are pharmaceutical nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and others. Globally, pharmaceuticals and healthcare products are the largest application market, with pharmaceuticals and healthcare products accounting for 72% of the downstream of dandelion extract in 2019.
On the basis of type classification, dandelion extract can be categorized into more than 5% flavonoid extract, 4% flavonoid extract, 3% flavonoid extract, other standard extract, and proportional extract. Among these, proportional extracts accounted for about half of the market share, which is the largest market share.
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