Introduction
Fucoxanthin, also known as fucoxanthin, fucoxanthin, is a natural pigment of the lutein class of carotenoids, accounting for more than 10% of the total number of about 700 naturally occurring carotenoids. It is a light yellow to brown color insoluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, generally fat-soluble powder or oil., which is the pigment contained in brown algae, diatoms, golden algae and yellow green algae. It is widely found in various algae, Marine phytoplankton, aquatic shells and other plants and animals. It has pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, weight loss, nerve cell protection, increasing the content of ARA (arachidonic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in mice, and has been widely used in the market as medicine, skin care and beauty products and health products.
Function
1. Reduce fat accumulation
Fucoxanthin can reduce blood sugar level and fat accumulation by regulating the secretion of cytokines in white adipose tissue. Fat cells play a key role in the body's energy homeostasis, while adipose tissue stores energy in the form of lipids and determines the release of fatty acids in response to energy deficiency and nutrient signals. Fucoxanthin, one of the important types of special carotenoids in seaweed, contains the special structure of allene and epoxy, and this special structure determines its anti-obesity physiological activity.
2. Antioxidation
Fucoxanthin has a good antioxidant effect, even better than vitamin E and vitamin C. Fucoxanthin has protective effect on human fibrocyte injury caused by UV-B. Fucoxanthin's antioxidant activity is mainly through the regulation of Na+-K+ -ATPase activity, as well as the regulation of catalase and glutathione activity in tissues and molecules caused by retinol deficiency.
3. Anti-inflammatory effect
Fucoxanthin inhibited the exudation of endotoxin-induced inflammatory mediators in a dose-dependent manner, and its anti-inflammatory effect was comparable to prednisolone, indicating that fucoxanthin had certain inhibitory effects on endotoxin-induced inflammatory penetration, NO, PGE2 and tumor necrosis factor in mice. Its anti-inflammatory effect is mainly through inhibiting the exudation of NO in the inflammatory reaction caused by LPS induced macrophages. RT-PCR analysis showed that the mRNA of NO synthetase and cyclooxygenase were inhibited by fucoxanthin, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor, leukocyte interleukin IL-1β and IL-6, and mRNA viability factor were inhibited by fucoxanthin. These results suggest that fucoxanthin may play an important role in a variety of inflammatory responses.
4. UV rays protection
Long-term exposure to ultraviolet light and other strong light, human skin tissue will produce different degrees of damage. Studies have found that fucoxanthin, as a carotenoid in nature, can effectively prevent the radiation damage caused by ultraviolet oxidation to skin tissues, and has shown an effective role in relieving itching in the dermatitis model [81]. In addition, fucoxanthin also has a certain function of eye protection, especially due to the internal diseases caused by photooxidation. The retina of human eye contains polyunsaturated fatty acids and high concentration of oxygen. When the high energy blue light acts on the retina, the singlet oxygen and free radicals produced will cause peroxidation damage to the retina. Therefore, dietary intake of carotenoids can help the retina quench damaging reactive oxygen species and resist oxidative damage.
5. Improve food appearance
Fucoxanthin itself is a natural pigment, can make food orange, is commonly used in human food coloring agent, has a wide range of applications in the field of food. In recent years, fucoxanthin is commonly used in the processing of butter, pie, green tea crisp and other baked foods to improve the color of food. Fucoxanthine can effectively inhibit the lipid peroxidation of chicken breast in cooling storage after cooking, prevent the change of chicken color, and give chicken red and yellow. In order to reduce the risk of nitrosamine formation in the process of curing meat, natural pigments such as fucoxanthin are usually added to cured meat products to reduce the addition of nitrite. In addition, fucoxanthin can also be used as an egg yolk colorant, added to poultry feed, thereby improving the color of egg products.
Application
1. In addition to being used as weight loss health care products, it can also be applied to all kinds of foods, such as butter, pie, green tea crisp and other baked foods, to increase product color and function.
2. Used as egg yolk colorant.
3. Skin care products.
4. As medicine, it is used for the treatment of skin cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer and other cancers.
Extraction method
Fucoxanthin is a natural carotenoid. It is insoluble in high polar solvents such as water under neutral conditions, and easily soluble in non-polar organic solvents. It is a fat soluble pigment. The extraction of pigment from dry powder is usually done by adding a small amount of small polar solvent to a non-polar solvent.
1. Extraction process of fucoxanthin from laminaria laminaria: anhydrous ethanol-acetone-petroleum ether (4:1:1) composite solvent was used as extraction agent, and was extracted twice at 40℃ with a solid-liquid ratio of 40:1 for 1h each time. After saponification, fucoxanthine and fucosterol were separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, and high purity products were obtained, the purity reached 91.6%.
2. The extraction process of fucoxanthin from Herbaceous vegetables was as follows :90% ethanol-acetone (3:1) composite solvent was used as the extractor, the liquid to solid ratio was 40:1, ultrasonic temperature was 65 ℃, water bath was oscillated for 2 times, each time 80min, and the extraction rate reached 1.067mg·g-1. Alternatively, fucoxanthin was extracted from kelp root by supercritical CO2 with ethanol as entrained agent, and the purity of crude extract was 5%
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