oat β-Glucan Introduction
The β-(1→3, 1→4) glucan in oats, referred to as oat β-Glucan, is a non-starch polysaccharide that exists in the endosperm and aleurone cell walls of oats. It is a high molecular polymer formed by monomers β-D-glucopyranose, connected through β-(1→3) and β-(1→4) glycosidic bonds. Among them, the distribution of β-(1→3) and β-(1→4) glycosidic bonds is not completely ordered or completely elemental, mainly cellotriose or cellotetraose of β-(1→4) glucan. , more than 85% of oat β-Glucan molecules are connected by 1 β-(1→3) glycosidic bond between every 2~3 β-(1→4) glycosidic bonds, and 15% are composed of long chain β-Glucan molecules. The (1→4) glycosidic bond is separated by 1 β-(1→3) glycosidic bond, and its length may be 4, 5 or 8 glucose residues. A linear, unbranched polysaccharide structure with β-(1→3) bonds, in which the ratio of β-(1→4) and β-(1→3) glycosidic bonds is approximately 2.4:1. Among the cell wall components of oat endosperm and aleurone layer, β-Glucan accounts for more than 85%. Oat β-Glucan is a short-chain glucan with a relatively small molecular weight, and its relative molecular weight ranges from 5300 to 257200.
The basic structure of oat β-Glucan is a linear polysaccharide composed of D glucose connected by β14 and β1-3 glycosidic bonds. The ratio of these two glycosidic bonds is approximately 7:3.
Oat beta-glucan is a kind of water-soluble dietary fiber. Because of its viscosity, it hinders the digestion and absorption of starch, protein and other substances. Therefore, it has some extremely beneficial physiological functions for the human body: it has significant effects on lowering blood lipids, lowering blood lipids, and lowering blood lipids. blood sugar, improve immunity, maintain intestinal microecological environment, etc. In addition, it can speed up the identification of immune cells in a population. Respond to bacterial infection and control the location of bacterial infection, so that the infected surface can recover as soon as possible; as an active ingredient in cosmetics, it can improve the skin's anti-allergic ability, activate immune function, and delay skin aging. Oat water-soluble dietary fiber and oat glucan can effectively reduce postprandial blood sugar concentration and insulin levels, lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease. Oat fiber foods are easily absorbed by the body, and because they contain very low calories, they are beneficial to weight loss. It is also suitable for the dietary therapy needs of patients with heart disease, hypertension and diabetes.
oat β-Glucan Extraction process
Oat gum is the extracted form of oat β-Glucan, which also contains a small amount of starch and protein. Since β-Glucan is an important component of oat endosperm cell wall, it is often extracted from oat bran. The extraction process of β-Glucan generally has three steps: ① Treat some endogenous enzymes with ethanol solution and remove small free sugars, proteins and some non-polar compounds; ② Treat with thermostable α-amylase to degrade starch, This step can be carried out simultaneously with the extraction of non-starch polysaccharides; ③ Add ammonium sulfate for preliminary purification of the extracted β-Glucan or use enzymatic methods to remove and degrade arabinoxylan.
effect:
reduce cholesterol
As early as many years ago, scientists have discovered that bata-glucan can reduce the rate of fatty acid absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and reduce the synthesis of cholesterol in the human body. As the research on bata-glucan has become more mature, scholars have successively conducted experiments on animals and humans. A large number of experiments have confirmed that bata-glucan has specific physiological functions in reducing cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein. Scientists have found that the impact of bata-glucan on cholesterol is mainly to significantly reduce total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein in plasma. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDI-TC), but has no significant effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG). Oat glucan has a significant cholesterol-lowering effect on people with hyperlipidemia.
There are currently four hypotheses on the mechanism of oat glucan lowering cholesterol:
① It can bind bile acids and increase the excretion of bile acids, thus reducing bile acid levels and plasma cholesterol concentration.
② Can be fermented by microorganisms in the intestine to produce short-chain fatty acids, which can inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver.
③Can promote the decomposition of LDL-C.
④ It can form a high-viscosity environment in the digestive tract and hinder the absorption of fat, cholesterol and bile acids in the digestive tract.
Hypoglycemic
After eating glucan oatmeal food every day, the patient's blood sugar level can be reduced by about 50%. Using oatmeal food can significantly reduce blood sugar. Oatmeal glucan can improve blood flow performance by reducing blood lipid content and speed up the absorption and utilization process of sugar components. It has a good transport speed and efficiency, and has a good repairing effect on liver and kidney tissue lesions complicated by diabetes, and can effectively reduce the decomposition of liver glycogen, thereby leading to a decrease in blood sugar.
Enhance immunity
Oat glucan has immunomodulatory effects. Oat p-glucan can proliferate lymphocytes in mice and enhance their ability to resist bacterial invasion; it can stimulate peritoneal macrophages in mice to release tumor necrosis factor (TNF-ALPHAhe) and The release of interleukin-1 (In-terlukinIL-1) and macrophage p338DI, after intragastric or parenteral injection of oat glucan, the number of serum immunoglobulins in mice increased significantly, indicating that oat glucan can improve the immunity of mice. The effect of force.
Improve intestinal tract
Oat glucan cannot be hydrolyzed in the small intestine, but is degraded in the large intestine and used as a substrate for bacterial fermentation. The fermentation produces short-chain fatty acids, especially butyric acid, which is beneficial to intestinal function. Oat p-glucan can make mice Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli proliferate in the intestines and feces, reducing the number of Escherichia coli. Therefore, oat glucan can also improve intestinal function and promote the proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria.
Beauty benefits
People have long known how to use oatmeal to treat dry and itchy skin. To use it, make a paste of oatmeal and apply it directly to the skin. However, due to the different production methods and the different quality of oats, it is difficult to maintain a stable effect. With the development of science and technology, scientists have gradually discovered the main ingredients and mechanism of oatmeal beauty and skin care.
Oat beta-glucan has excellent anti-aging effects, can smooth fine wrinkles, increase skin elasticity, and improve skin texture; it has a unique linear molecular structure, giving it good transdermal absorption properties; and promotes fibroblasts Synthesize collagen, promote wound healing, repair damaged skin, and give skin a moist and smooth touch like silk.
Functional applications of oat beta-glucan in the food industry
Application in flour products
The addition of oat flour not only enriches the nutritional content of the bread, but also improves the kneading resistance of the dough. The water-holding capacity of oat β-Glucan also extends the freshness time of the bread.
Application in meat products
Improve water-holding and oil-holding properties and improve sensory flavor.
Applications in dairy products
Thickening and viscosity, stable in acidic environment, improving the sensory properties of the product.
Oat beta-glucan can be used as a thickener and stabilizer in ice cream production. Oat β-Glucan was mixed with guar gum and CMC to make a composite stabilizer, and added to ice cream in different proportions to study its effects on the viscosity, expansion rate, melt resistance and sensory properties of ice cream. The test results show that after adding 0.2% oat beta-glucan to low-fat ice cream, the ice cream tastes better, has stronger melt resistance, and the expansion rate and viscosity of the ice cream are also significantly improved.
other apps
Oat beta-glucan is also widely used in other areas of the food industry, such as oat fiber chewable tablets, oat cakes, oat lactone tofu, matsutake oat nutritional meal, oat vinegar, compound fruit and vegetable oat meat jerky, oat instant noodles, oat cheese, Oatmeal porridge and oatmeal nutritional health wine, etc.
In addition, oat β-Glucan is also used in cosmetics, medicine, etc., and has huge room for development.
If you would like to learn more, please contact sales@sxytbio.com,Click here to contact us online
