Introduction:
Konjac glucomannan, also known as KGM, is a natural high-molecular soluble dietary fiber. Konjac powder is the main component of KGM. It is composed of D-glucose and D-mannose in a ratio of 1.6-2.0:1, through β-1, A high-viscosity pure natural polymer polysaccharide composed of 4 glycosidic bonds. It has a variety of excellent functional properties, such as hydrophobicity, gelling property, thickening property, adhesiveness, reversibility, film-forming property and biodegradability, etc., and is used in food, medicine, chemical industry, papermaking, petroleum and other production fields. Has a wide range of uses.
KGM is the best among all dietary fibers. It contains no calories, has a feeling of fullness, can reduce and delay the absorption of glucose, inhibit the synthesis of fatty acids, and has excellent fat-reducing and slimming effects. While reducing fat, KGM can also help with ecological laxatives, stabilize blood sugar, lower blood lipids and fight fatty liver. It is safe and has no toxic side effects. Due to the physical and chemical properties of KGM such as high viscosity, high water absorption, and rapid expansion, the processing technology of konjac is limited. The purity of KGM in existing konjac foods is generally low, and people consume very little glucomannan.
Effect:
Lose fat and lose weight
Keithley from the United States conducted a study to study the mechanism of action of KGM by consuming KGM on dieters (7 groups of clinical trials, 39 obese people in each group). Studies have found that KGM plays a certain role in weight loss, whether in a normal diet or a high-calorie diet. They speculate that the mechanism of KGM weight loss is that the intake of KGM food increases the viscosity of gastrointestinal contents, thereby prolonging gastric emptying time and increasing people's feeling of fullness, while reducing the small intestinal food absorption rate and reducing postprandial glucose and insulin levels. fluctuation. Research results from West China University of Medical Sciences further confirmed this effect. After consuming konjac powder for 30 days, the weight loss rate was 78.4%, with a range of 0.5-4.7 kg, and individual differences are large.KGM absorbs water, increases stool volume, and improves intestinal flora; intestinal bacteria ferment KGM, produce short-chain fatty acids, and stimulate intestinal peristalsis, all of which are beneficial to defecation. Studies by Zhang Maoyu of West China University of Medical Sciences and others have shown that consuming KGM for constipated patients can increase the daily fecal wet weight (equivalent to 11.4 grams of weight gain for 1 gram of konjac powder) and fecal water content; it can also shorten the time for food to circulate in the intestines and the average defecation time. time; can increase the number of bifidobacteria. Consuming KGM produces an effect similar to natural defecation, with no diarrhea and is an ideal choice for patients with chronic and habitual constipation.
Stabilize blood sugar
Diet control is an important measure in the treatment of diabetes. KGM is not digested and absorbed, contains no calories, has a feeling of fullness, and can reduce and delay the absorption of glucose. It is a good supplementary food for diabetes. Research shows that KGM can significantly improve glucose metabolism, while insoluble fiber has no significant effect. Huang Chengyu of West China University of Medical Sciences and others studied the effect of KGM on blood sugar in patients with diabetes. The results showed that KGM has a blood sugar-lowering effect, and the blood sugar-lowering effect on severe patients is better than that on mild patients. It is also more effective in reducing postprandial blood sugar and fasting blood sugar. At the same time, KGM delays glucose absorption and also helps suppress hypoglycemia.
Lower blood lipids and fight fatty liver
Plasma lipids generally measure cholesterol and triglycerides. KGM helps lipid metabolism and can reduce cholesterol and triglycerides. Professor Zhang Maoyu used KGM food to study 110 patients with hyperlipidemia. After 46 people ate konjac, serum TG (triglyceride), TC (cholesterol), and LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were significantly reduced, and HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) was significantly increased; fatty liver disease improved. , lower blood lipids. When blood lipids reach normal levels, they do not continue to decline and play a role in regulating lipid metabolism and preventing hyperlipidemia.
Application
Food additives: Because KGM has high water retention, swelling, thickening, gelling, emulsifying, suspending, and cohesive properties, its performance is better than that of agar, carrageenan, gelatin and other commonly used food glues. As a food Additives are increasingly used in applications. Such as ham sausage, dairy products, biscuits, jelly, etc.
Production Process
1.1 Rough extraction
Konjac powder → Petroleum ether → Heating and refluxing at 60cC-65°C for 0.5h → After recovering the petroleum ether in the filter hopper → 90% ethanol → Heating and refluxing at 70-80°C for 0.5h → Filtration → Recovering ethanol → Filter residue → Drying at 60°C → Crude Konjac Glucomannan polysaccharide. The sample weighed 71g, and the product yield was 89%. Using spectrophotometry, the glucomannan content was 74.2%.
1.2 Refined
1.2.1 Ethanol precipitation method
Crude konjac glucomannan → formulated into 1% sol → 95% ethanol precipitation → washed twice with 80% ethanol - washed with 85% ethanol at 50°C for 30 min → 95% ethanol precipitation → dried at 60°C → pulverized → KGM. Using spectrophotometry, the content of KGM was measured to be 90.1%, and the product yield was 90.5%.
1.2.2 Acid hydrolysis method
Crude konjac glucomannan (5g) → Formulated into 1% sol acid → Hydrolysis (10% HCI adjusted to pH2-pH3, 85℃-90℃ hydrolysis for 15h) → 95% ethanol precipitation → 85% ethanol washing at 50℃ for 30 minutes → Acetone Dehydrate → Dry at 60cC → Pulverize → KGM. The content of KGM measured by spectrophotometry is 85.4%, and the product yield is 82.2%
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