Introduction：
Baicalin is a kind of flavonoid compound extracted from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. It is a light yellow powder with bitter taste at room temperature. Insoluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, slightly soluble in chloroform and nitrobenzene, almost insoluble in water, soluble in hot acetic acid. When ferric chloride appears green, when lead acetate produces orange precipitate. Soluble in alkali and ammonia, it is yellow at first, and soon becomes black brown.
It has significant biological activities, such as antibacterial, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, cholesterol-lowering, anti-thrombosis, relieving asthma, reducing fire and detoxification, hemostasis, antifetal, anti-allergic reaction and spasmolytic effect.
It is also a specific inhibitor of liver sialoenzyme in mammals, has the effect of regulating some diseases, and has a strong physiological effect of anticancer reaction.
It is mainly used for the treatment of dampness, heat, chest depression and vomiting, dampness and heat filling, diarrhea and jaundice, lung heat cough, high heat and thirst, blood heat vomiting, carbuncle swollen sore poison, restless fetus. In addition, baicalin can also absorb ultraviolet rays, remove oxygen free radicals and inhibit the production of melanin, which is a good functional cosmetic raw material.
Function
Antioxidant capacity
Baicalin is an effective antioxidant, which can prevent the oxidation reaction caused by oxygen free radicals such as superoxide anion and catalase. To achieve the purpose of removing excess free radicals in cells and protecting cells from damage under hypoxia/reoxygenation. In conclusion, baicalin can not only remove the free radicals in the chain initiation stage, but also directly capture the free radicals in the free radical reaction chain, block the free radical reaction, and play a double-layer role in preventing and breaking the chain.
Antibiosis
Baicalin plays an anti-microbial role in many aspects, including activating the immune system, preventing the formation of biofilms, reducing inflammation, destroying harmful bacterial structures, inhibiting bacterial enzymes, reducing bacterial endotoxins, and reducing drug resistance.
Current studies have shown that baicalin has inhibitory effects on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. For example, in bovine mastitis caused by E. coli, baicalin attaches to the E. coli cell wall, reducing the stability of the bacteria, improving the permeability of the cell wall, and eventually leading to the death of the bacteria.
Hypolipidemic blood pressure
Baicalin can play a role in lowering blood lipids by reducing the content of blood lipids. The main reason is that baicalin can inhibit the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol, thereby reducing the content of cholesterol in the blood and improving the symptoms related to cardiovascular disease. Baicalin can also play a role in reducing blood pressure. The main reason is that baicalin can inhibit the contraction of blood vessels and thus play a role in lowering blood pressure. In addition, baicalin can also promote the dilation of blood vessels and improve blood mobility, thus helping to prevent the occurrence of hypertension.
Anti-inflammatory and regulates immunity
Among all the physiological effects of baicalin, anti-inflammatory and immune regulation are particularly prominent, including: asthma, acute pancreatitis, acute lung injury, acute liver injury, liver fibrosis, sun dermatitis, periodontitis, etc. Baicalin can generally reduce the inflammatory damage of tissues and regulate some immune cells to secrete cytokine interferon to play an anti-inflammatory role. Baicalin can play a role in immune regulation by promoting apoptosis, and the evidence for this is mainly from the inhibition of baicalin on tumor cells.
Application
Antimicrobial treatment
It is used for purging fire and detoxifying, hemostasis, and antifetal use. It has broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, and is also beneficial to gallbladder, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antipyretic, detoxifying, diuretic, and antihypertensive. It is clinically used in the treatment of infectious hepatitis, and has a good effect on reducing glutamic-pyruginic transaminase during hepatitis activity. It is also used in the treatment of stroke and paralysis, which can reduce cerebrovascular resistance, increase cerebral blood flow, improve blood-brain barrier permeability and combat platelet agglutination caused by adenosine phosphate.
Clinically
Treatment of infectious hepatitis, acute jaundice and chronic hepatitis, acute biliary tract infection, lead poisoning and other diseases
Cosmetics
Baicalin can also absorb ultraviolet rays, remove oxygen free radicals, and inhibit the generation of melanin, so it can be used in medicine and cosmetics, and is a good functional beauty cosmetic raw material.
Preparation process of baicalin
The traditional preparation process of baicalin includes methanol or ethanol extraction, concentration, plate and frame filtration, acid precipitation and recrystallization, etc., which has the following shortcomings: 1. Environmental pollution: In the preparation process need to use a large number of organic solvents such as methanol, environmental pollution, poor safety; 2. The industrial production cost is too high: the existing process operation steps are cumbersome and complex, and the heating reflux extraction needs to be extracted three times, each time 2h, at least six hours, the production cycle is long, the product loss is large, and the final product content of baicalin can only reach 80%.
The invention relates to a preparation method of baicalin, which is characterized in that:
The preparation steps include:
Preparation: Select high-quality scutellaria baicalensis as raw material, crushed, through 10 ~ 40 mesh sieve;
Extraction: boiling water feeding stirring reflux extraction 2 times, solid-liquid ratio of 1∶8 ~ 15;
Filtration and concentration: filtrate the extract of step 2, concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure, until the specific gravity of the concentrated paste is 1.1 ~ 1.3;
Alcohol precipitation: the concentrated paste obtained in step 3 is added with 3 to 5 times the amount of low carbon alcohol, heated at 40 to 70℃ for 0.5h, filtered, and the filtrate is condensed under pressure to recover the alcohol;
Acid precipitation: The concentrated liquid obtained in step 4 was adjusted to pH 1 ~ 2 with 1M acid solution, then heated in a water bath at 50 ~ 70℃, kept warm for 1h, then stood at room temperature for 8h, drained and filtered, washed with water to pH 6 ~ 7, then washed with 50% alcohol solution and dried to obtain baicalin.
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