What is Apple polyphenols
Apple polyphenols is the general name for the polyphenols contained in apples. Polyphenols are widely found in fruits and vegetables. The polyphenols content of apples varies with maturity. The polyphenols content of unripe fruits is 10 times that of mature fruits. , so it is better to use unripe fruits to extract apple polyphenols. Crude apple polyphenols contain chlorogenic acid, catechin, epicatechin, apple condensed tannins, phlorizin, phloretin, anthocyanins, etc. Among them, apple condensed tannin accounts for about half of the total polyphenols content. Applications of apple polyphenols Apple polyphenols can prevent food quality deterioration due to its antioxidant, deodorizing, freshness, flavor, color protection, and vitamin loss prevention functions. Therefore, it can be used in aquatic product processing, meat product processing, The processing and manufacturing of bread, pastries, oils, oily foods and refreshing drinks can significantly improve the quality and shelf life of their products. Since apple polyphenols have various health-care functions, such as preventing dental caries, preventing high blood pressure, preventing allergic reactions, anti-tumor, anti-mutation, blocking ultraviolet absorption and other physiological functions, they can be used in the manufacture of health foods and cosmetics. As a health-care and functional food additive, apple polyphenols only need 50-500PPm to be fully effective.
Application of apple polyphenols
Application in food
Because apple polyphenols have antioxidant and free radical scavenging functions, they can be used in the food industry as a highly efficient and low-toxic natural antioxidant to extend the storage period of food, improve food quality, and increase the added value of food. Specific applications are as follows.
1.1 Application in functional foods
Since apple polyphenols have various health functions such as preventing hypertension, anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-mutation, anti-radiation, anti-allergy, anti-caries, and enhancing muscle strength, they can be used in the development and production of functional foods to satisfy people's food needs. Health function needs.
1.2 Application in aquatic products
The fishy smell component is mainly trimethylamine. In the deodorization test, trimethylamine and apple polyphenols were mixed, and the amount of volatile trimethylamine was measured using a gas chromatograph. It was found that as the concentration of apple polyphenols increased, the amount of volatile trimethylamine increased. The amount of amines continues to decrease. When the content of apple polyphenols is 200 μg/mL, the amount of volatile trimethylamine can be reduced by 50%. In aquatic product processing, after the herring and red fish meat treated with apple polyphenols were stored at 4°C for 2 days, it was found that the color of the fish meat in the control group changed significantly and the meat turned yellow, while the fish added with apple polyphenols still maintained the color after 10 days. Better freshness.
1.3 Application in chewing gum
Bad breath is caused by various reasons. The main component of bad breath is methylmercaptan produced from sulfur-containing amino acids. In the deodorization test, sulfur-containing methionine was used as the matrix, human saliva containing oral bacteria was added, and methylmercaptan was produced at 37°C. When 300 μg/mL of apple polyphenols was added to the matrix, the production of methyl mercaptan was reduced by more than 50%. When the added amount reached 1200 μg/mL, the production of methyl mercaptan was completely inhibited. In human experiments, it was conducted in the form of chewing gum. When chewing gum without apple polyphenols, the methyl mercaptan content in the mouth began to increase immediately after chewing; chewing gum containing 0.25% of apple polyphenols, 30 minutes later Methyl mercaptan begins to increase; the content of apple polyphenols reaches 0.5%, and methyl mercaptan begins to increase 60 minutes after chewing. Therefore, apple polyphenols have a good effect in inhibiting bad breath and can be used in the production of chewing gum. Japan has corresponding products Listed.
1.4 Application in livestock meat products
Mix the pork in a mincer, divide it into 3 samples, add 10% water-soluble polyphenols, 0.4% oil-soluble polyphenols, and 0.1% synthetic tocopherol, 70% mass, in sequence at 70°C. After heat sterilization for 40 minutes, store at 1°C, and finally measure its appearance and peroxide value. The results show that the effect of using polyphenols is better than that of tocopherols, and oil-soluble polyphenols have a better affinity for meat than hydrophilic polyphenols. Apple polyphenols can also be used in the preservation of braised meat. By compounding with other antioxidants to form a new type of braised meat preservative, the braised meat can be coated to preserve its freshness, which improves the antioxidant properties of the braised meat and extends the shelf life.
1.5 Application in alcohol and beverages
Apple polyphenols can be used as a clarifying agent for wine and beverages. They mainly use phenolic hydroxyl groups to connect to the amide groups in proteins through hydrogen bonds, which can cause gelatin and tannins to form complexes to aggregate and precipitate, and at the same time capture and remove other suspended substances. solid. Adding 0.05% apple polyphenols to a vitamin C solution with a mass fraction of 1×10E-3 can effectively inhibit the degradation of vitamin C, and it has a strong inhibitory effect on pigment fading, especially on carotene pigments. Researchers added 1% apple polyphenols to refreshing drinks containing β-carotene and capsanthin to maintain their bright color during the shelf life.
2. Application in cosmetics
Apple polyphenols are a type of natural product with unique physiological and chemical activity. It has good astringency and adhesion. It can maintain the synthesis of collagen, inhibit elastase, help the body protect collagen and improve skin elasticity, thereby avoiding Or reduce the occurrence of wrinkles and maintain the delicate appearance of the skin. It is usually added as an active ingredient in cosmetics, bath soaps, hair dyes, toothpastes, deodorants, etc. It plays multiple roles such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-radiation, whitening and moisturizing, etc., and can treat skin aging caused by various factors. It has unique effects on wrinkles and pigmentation. In addition, because phenolic substances can inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and catalase and scavenge reactive oxygen species, they can be used to prepare vitamin C or vitamin E polyphenol complex whitening agents. Scholars from the University of Finland have conducted in vitro experiments on skin cells exposed to ultraviolet light from a cytological perspective and found that when human skin tissue is exposed to ultraviolet energy for only 30 minutes, sunlight kills about 50% of the cells. With the addition of oligomeric proanthocyanidins, about 80% of the cells are killed. Skin cells are protected from damage and has better UV absorption compared to vitamin C.
Apple polyphenol prospects
Apple polyphenols have strong antioxidant activity and play an important role in weight management, blood sugar management, cardiovascular protection, anti-aging, whitening, oral care, and enhancing muscle endurance. Asia-Pacific is the largest market for apple polyphenols and is expected to remain so during the forecast period. Huge demand, especially in China and Japan, and rising disposable income in other Asian countries are driving the growth of apple polyphenols market in Asia Pacific.
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