Introduction
Dioscin is the main component of plants in the Dioscoreaceae family. Turmeric and yam, both members of the Dioscoreaceae family, are the two main sources of diosgenin.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that dioscorea has the effects of eliminating phlegm, digesting food and diluting water, relaxing muscles and activating blood circulation, and cutting off malaria. Modern pharmacological research shows that diosgenin has many pharmacological effects, especially its anti-tumor effect.
Flow chart of two sources
Yam Source:
Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb), the tuber of the dioscorea family, can be used as a staple dish and a tonic medicine. Because yam is rich in starch, protein, fat, inorganic salts, vitamins and other nutrients, but also contains a lot of cellulose and choline, saponin, arginine, mannan, polyphenol oxidase and other effective active ingredients, therefore, yam has intelligence and brain, reduce blood sugar, solid intestine, diarrhea, cough and expectorant and other functions and is widely used in nourishing fitness and preventing and controlling a variety of diseases. Diosgenin (Diosgenin) is widely present in Dioscorea, Liliaceae, legumes and other plants, which are rich in Dioscorea plants, such as Dioscorea, Yams, Dioscorea.
Process:
. Ingredients: Select fresh yams, peeled, sliced or diced.
Enzymatic hydrolysis: Put the yam into the reaction tank with enzyme liquid, control the temperature at about 50℃, enzymatic hydrolysis for 4 hours. The main components of the enzyme solution are cellulase and amylase, which can decompose the cellulose and starch in the yam and release diosgenin.
Separation: Add the enzymolysis solution to the precipitation kettle with an area 3 times the size of the reaction tank. Control the temperature at about 70℃, add an appropriate amount of alcohol substances, combine with diosgenin, precipitate into solid particles.
Washing: Wash the solid particles with 95% ethanol and wash away the impurities in the ethanol.
Decolorization: Using the activated carbon decolorization method, suspend diosgenin particles in activated carbon when it is combined with diosgeninWhen combined, the saponin adsorbs the color and other impurities away.
Concentrate: The diosgenin suspension is added to the evaporator, which is heated and vacuumed through the evaporator,So that the water in the suspension gradually evaporates, and the concentration of diosgenin gradually increases.
Dry: Dry the diosgenin concentrate through a spray dryer into a powder.
Turmeric Source:
Turmeric, also known as ginger, is a single source of the plant, ginger root fruit can be used directly as a medicine, with dampness, heat, detoxification effects. Ginger root contains diosgenin and so on, which is used as the raw material of hormone drugs. Ginger is an ideal and important raw material for extracting steroid hormones saponins (commonly known as saponins). By modifying its steroid structural compounds, various steroid hormones can be obtained. The initial products extracted from the root of ginger are saponone, progesterone acetate (monolipid), prednisone, cortisone series, oxytocin, contraceptives and other intermediates or drugs. Saponin extraction waste liquid can extract agricultural nucleic acid, is a kind of high quality fertilizer. Rhizomes are also widely used in pharmaceutical, food, high-grade cosmetics, veterinary medicine and other industries. For example, the rhizome is directly used as a drug, which has the effect of removing dampness, clearing heat and detoxifying. Dioscorea zingiberensis tuber has high medicinal and chemical value. After processing, it can be extracted into steroids, bisporine and other pharmaceutical and chemical products. It is an important component of hormone drugs. It is known as the "mother of hormones" and is widely used in cosmetics and health care. Used for contraception, analgesia, anesthesia and other drugs, is a relatively stable market demand for medicinal materials.
Process:
Extraction of diosgenin from ginger
Raw material: yellow ginger powder
Reagent: 70% ethanol
Instruments: Two 250ml beakers, spectrophotometer
(1) Accurately weigh 10g yellow ginger sample in 250ML clean and dry beaker, add 100ML70% ethanol, inUltrasound was performed at 25.8KHz for 40min.
(2) Remove the filter residue in the solution with A vacuum pump, and pour the filtrate into 250ml beaker A
(3) Take a dry beaker B and add appropriate amount of cholesterol (record the amount of cholesterol) according to the conclusion obtained in 2.3.1. Add 95% ethanol and dissolve the cholesterol in 80℃ water bath to reach saturation
(4) Add the solution from A to B
Function:
Dioscin has strong pharmacological functions
It has anti-tumor, anti-thrombotic, anti-allergic, anti-viral and anti-shock effects. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, cholesterol-lowering, blood-pressure-lowering, mollusc-killing, and anti-fertility effects.
Dioscin tablets are mainly used to treat cardiovascular diseases
Such as coronary atherosclerosis, coronary insufficiency symptoms, but also can be used to treat angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, high triglycerides, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and other diseases. It also has the effect of regulating blood lipid levels in chronic kidney disease. It reduces the oxidative stress response of the disease and is relatively safe.
It can also be used to treat tracheitis. It has the effect of killing insects and resisting fungi such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
The peroxidase decomposing enzyme contained in it has obvious anti-aging effect. Long-term use can remove scars on the face and make the skin soft and smooth. It can be used as raw material for synthesizing steroid hormones and contraceptive pills.
Application:
Anticancer mechanism
Scientific studies have shown that dioscin can participate in multiple biological processes such as cell process, metabolic process, biological regulation, stress response, signaling pathway and cell proliferation, so that dioscin can intervene in the life process of cancer cells to achieve anti-cancer effects . Studies have confirmed that diosgenin can induce tumor cell differentiation and apoptosis, enhance the expression of tumor suppressor genes, regulate cell cycle, and inhibit tumor cell division and proliferation to exert anti-tumor effects. The anti-cancer mechanism of diosgenin has multiple effects, and each part is closely connected. At present, the research on its anti-cancer mechanism is not detailed enough, but with the further study of molecular biology, the understanding of this mechanism will be more comprehensive and thorough in the future. Diosgenin is a very good natural medicine, and its hydrolyzed product diosgenin is also an important synthetic material for many steroid hormones. In addition to anticancer effects and some biological activities, diosgenin also has the effect of treating liver fibrosis. These functions prove that diosgenin has broad research prospects. With the deepening of research, the medicinal value of diosgenin will be gradually developed, showing good application prospects.
Application in hepatoprotective drug preparations
The invention discloses the application of diosgenin in the preparation of liver protection drug preparations, which can significantly inhibit the increase of transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities caused by drugs (carbon tetrachloride or paracetamol) and alcohol, reduce the liver index, and exert its liver protection Effect; the present invention can also increase SOD activity and reduce MDA content, increase the content of GSH, suppress the hepatic lipid peroxidation that medicine (carbon tetrachloride or paracetamol) induces; Simultaneously the present invention can also reduce TG and TC content, inhibit Hepatic steatosis caused by alcohol. Dioscin can be used as a raw material, and various dosage forms can be made into various dosage forms for clinical application according to relevant requirements of pharmacy and clinical needs, such as: tablets, capsules, injections, oral liquid preparations, granules, etc., which are safe (non-toxic and have no side effects) , simplicity, economy and other advantages.
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