Tea saponin is a kind of glycoside compound extracted from tea tree seeds (tea seeds, tea seeds), which is a natural non-ionic surfactant with excellent properties. Tea saponincan significantly reduce the surface tension of water, and has good stability in hard water, and also has good emulsification, dispersion, wetting and decontamination functions. The formed emulsion particles are small, uniform distribution, good stability, and have strong foaming ability.
Tea saponin belongs to triterpenoid saponin, which has bitter and pungent taste, stimulates nasal mucosa and causes sneezing. has strong hygrhygability, is acidic to methyl red, and is difficult to dissolve in anhydrous methanol and ethanol. Insoluble in ethyl ether, acetone, benzene, petroleum ether and other organic solvents, soluble in aqueous methanol, aqueous ethanol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, pyridine and so on. When hydrochloric acid is added to tea saponin solution, the saponin will precipitate when acidic. Melting point :224℃. It can be widely used in light industry, chemical industry, pesticide, feed, aquaculture, textile, oil extraction, mining, building materials and highway construction and other fields.
Manufacturing emulsifier, detergent, pesticide additives, feed additives, crab and shrimp culture protective agent, textile additives, oil field foam agent, mining flotation agent and aerated concrete foam stabilizer and concrete admixture - antifreeze agent.
Functions of tea saponin:
Antioxidant effect of tea saponin: tea saponin has a powerful antioxidant effect, which can clear free radicals in the body, reduce cellular oxidative stress, and slow down the aging process of cells;
Anti-inflammatory effect of tea saponin: It has obvious anti-inflammatory effect, which can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors and reduce inflammatory response;
Antibacterial effect of tea saponin: tea saponin has antibacterial activity against a variety of pathogens, including pathogenic bacteria, fungi and viruses, which can destroy bacterial cell membranes, interfere with bacterial growth and reproduction, and enhance the body's immune system;
The beauty effect of tea saponin: tea saponin is not only beneficial to the body, but also has good beauty effect, it can shrink pores, relieve inflammation, reduce the symptoms of itchy, red and swollen skin, in addition, tea saponin can also inhibit the synthesis of melanin, reduce the formation of stains and freckles, and make the skin more smooth and elastic.
Application of tea saponin:
1. Agricultural application
(1) As a direct organism, it has a certain control effect on a variety of pests and has a variety of modes of action.
(2) tea saponin as an assistant as a preparation assistant:
(3) Tea saponin used in aquaculture Tea saponin as a clear sprinkling agent used in prawn culture can remove fish;
(4) Tea saponin also has the effect of stimulating plant growth. Spraying tea saponin to prune rejuvenated tea trees can increase production; Used to treat tea seeds can promote germination.
2. Industrial development and application of tea saponin
(1) tea saponin building materials tea saponin paraffin emulsifier has been applied in the fiberboard industry, and the effect is very good; TW-301, which is made of tea saponin as the main agent, can be used as blowing agent and foam stabilizer in the production of aerated concrete. It has the degrease effect, can improve the dispersion suspension, improve the stability of slurry casting, improve the porosity structure, and make the product more firm and reliable. Its effect is obviously superior to that of gleditsia sinensis powder and pulsatilla powder. Using its strong emulsifying property and dispersibility, the paraffin emulsifier has been successfully used in the sizing process of fiberboard production, which significantly reduces the water absorption rate of the product, enhances the waterproof performance and improves the quality of the fiberboard.
(2) Tea saponin daily chemical industry as a natural product is a rare surfactant material in the daily chemical industry. Using the surface activity of tea saponin, it can be used as shampoo, shampoo, etc., which not only makes the hair shiny and feels good, but also is safe to use in practice, and has pharmacological functions such as nourishing hair and skin care, relieving itching, and removing dandruff. Tea saponin can also be used for washing clothes.
(3) The application of tea saponin textile industry The natural nature of tea saponin and the non-destructive properties of protein and cellulose, so that tea saponin has advantages in hair, silk, down and other washing, such as small stripping ability, will not produce shrinkage, textiles will not lose luster. Using tea saponin in the early treatment of textile printing and dyeing can also greatly improve the water absorption capacity of cotton fiber.
(4) The application of tea saponin food industry The use of tea saponin as foaming-stabilizing agent has also been applied in beer production, because tea saponin can absorb alcohol, it is expected to develop hangover tea accordingly.
(5) The application of tea saponin in medicine has the effect of reducing phlegm
(6) The application of the oil industry tea saponin is a natural surfactant, used to separate hydrocarbon compounds has a good effect, tea saponin through scientific treatment, specially made into oil field extraction blowing agent, can effectively improve the oil recovery rate of tea saponin uses: widely used in daily chemical, wool spinning and textile industry, machinery industry, pharmaceutical industry, etc.
At present, the main extraction methods of tea saponin at home and abroad are: water extraction, organic solvent method, water extraction - precipitation method and water extraction alcohol extraction method. Overall comparison, water extraction and alcohol extraction method is relatively simple, less investment, improve the purity of tea saponin, is conducive to subsequent refining treatment, is currently a more ideal extraction process.
The optimum conditions of water extraction were extraction temperature 60℃, liquid-solid ratio 10:1, extraction time 2 h, and extraction times 3 times. After water extraction and alcohol precipitation, the optimal conditions were obtained as ethanol concentration 90%, ethanol to concentrate liquid volume ratio 4: 1, alcohol precipitation temperature 75℃, alcohol precipitation time 2.5 h, and under these conditions compared water extraction and water extraction alcohol precipitation method, the extraction rate of water extraction alcohol precipitation method is 95.2%, the purity is 69.9%, improve the purity, is conducive to subsequent refining treatment.
The main purification methods of tea saponin are ultrafiltration membrane method and resin adsorption method. The production cost of ultrafiltration membrane method is high, and it is difficult to touch and regenerate, while the use of macroporous resin method can not only achieve the purpose of decolorization, but also the product has a good texture and is powdery, which is an ideal production process
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