Ginsenoside (Ginsenoside) is a steroid compound, also known as triterpene saponins. Mainly exists in ginseng genus medicinal materials. Ginsenosides are considered to be the active ingredients in ginseng and therefore become the target of research.
Content in different parts of ginseng:
Lateral root total saponins (60.5%)
Flower bud total saponins (15%)
Total saponins of ginseng leaves (7.6-12.6%)
Total saponins of ginseng fiber root (8.5-11.5%)
Ginseng peel total saponins (8.0-8.8%)
Ginseng taproot total saponins (2-7%)
Ginseng root total saponins (3%)
Total seed saponins (0.7%)
Ginsenosides all have a similar basic structure. They all contain a sterane steroid core with 30 carbon atoms arranged into four rings. They are divided into two groups according to the difference of glycosidic structure: dammarane type and oleanane type.
Dammarane types include two types: ginsengdiol type-A type, and the aglycon is 20(S)-protopanaxadiol. Contains the most ginsenosides, such as ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rg3, Rh2 and glycoside PD; ginsenotriol type-B type, aglycon is 20(S)-protopanaxatriol. Contains ginsenoside Re, Rg1, Rg2, Rh1 and glycoside PT.
Oleanolic acid type: oleanolic acid type-C type, the aglycon is oleanolic acid.
Total saponins are not hemolytic, type A is resistant to hemolysis and type B and C are hemolytic.
Saponin Components
Rh2: It has the function of inhibiting the metastasis of cancer cells to other organs, enhancing the body's immunity, and quickly restoring physical fitness. It has obvious anti-metastasis effect on cancer cells, and can be used with surgery to enhance wound healing and physical recovery after surgery. The absolute bioavailability is (16.1±11.3)%.
Rg: It can excite the central nervous system, resist fatigue, improve memory and learning ability, and promote the synthesis of DNA and RNA.
Rg1: It can quickly relieve fatigue, improve learning and memory, delay aging, excite the central nervous system, and inhibit platelet aggregation.
Rg2: Has anti-shock effect, quickly improves myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, treats and prevents coronary heart disease.
Rg3: It can act on the G2 phase of the cell reproductive cycle, inhibit the synthesis of protein and ATP in the pre-mitotic phase of cancer cells, slow down the proliferation and growth of cancer cells, and inhibit cancer cell infiltration, anti-tumor cell metastasis, and promote tumor cell apoptosis , Inhibit tumor cell growth, etc.
Rg5: Inhibit cancer cell infiltration, anti-tumor cell metastasis, promote tumor cell apoptosis, inhibit tumor cell growth
Rb1: American ginseng (American ginseng) has the most content, has the potential to affect animal testes, and also affects the embryonic development of mice. It has the function of enhancing the choline system, increasing the synthesis and release of acetylcholine and improving memory.
Rb2: Promoting the synthesis of DNA and RNA, and regulating the central brain has the functions of inhibiting the central nervous system, reducing intracellular calcium, anti-oxidation, scavenging free radicals in the body and improving myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Rc: Ginsenoside-Rc is a sterol molecule in ginseng. Has the function of inhibiting cancer cells. Can increase the mobility of sperm.
Rb3: It can enhance myocardial function and protect the body's own immune system. It can be used to treat myocardial contractile failure caused by various reasons.
Rh: It has the effects of inhibiting the central nervous system, hypnosis, analgesia, calming nerves, antipyretic, and promoting serum protein synthesis.
Rh1: It has the effect of promoting liver cell proliferation and DNA synthesis, and can be used to treat and prevent hepatitis and cirrhosis.
Ro: It has anti-inflammatory, detoxification, anti-thrombotic effects, inhibits acidic platelet coagulation and anti-hepatitis effects to activate macrophages.
Rh3: The effect of ginsenoside Rh3 on the proliferation and apoptosis of human colon cancer cell SW480.
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