Mangiferin
CAS number: 4773-96-0
Molecular formula: C19H18O11
EINECS number: 624-757-7
Storage conditions: 2-8°C
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO (slight, sonicated), methanol (slight), pyridine (slight, heated)
Appearance: light yellow powder
Structural formula:
Overview
Mangiferin, also known as anemarrhena or mangiferin, is a carbon ketone glycoside of tetrahydroxypyridone, which belongs to the flavonoid compound of diphenylpyrazone. It is mainly derived from the dried rhizome of the perennial herb Anemarrhena of the Liliaceae family. , the leaves, fruits and bark of plants such as almond and mango, the roots of the family Salacia of the family Pterodactylum and the genus Hainan Chemicalbook, etc.; they have the functions of relieving cough, asthma and expectoration, immune, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, hepatoprotective and choleretic, It has various pharmacological activities such as anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, and anti-viral. Currently, the main clinical applications include mango cough tablets, mango cough capsules, mangiferin tablets, and mangiferin dripping pills. These drugs are only limited to Used for respiratory diseases.
effect
1. Antioxidant effect:
Due to the particularity of the mangiferin structure, there are multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups in the molecule, and the phenolic hydroxyl groups happen to be important groups for scavenging free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Its mechanism of action on free radicals can be attributed to two aspects: on the one hand, it directly acts on scavenging free radicals; on the other hand, it acts on iron and copper ions to reduce their further reaction with free radicals.
2. Anti-tumor effect:
The occurrence of leukemia is related to disordered cell cycle regulation, and there is a close relationship between cell cycle regulation and the expression of telomerase activity. Therefore, research on telomerase and cell cycle regulation abnormalities has become a new direction in exploring the occurrence and treatment of leukemia. The occurrence of leukemia is related to disordered cell cycle regulation, and there is a close relationship between cell cycle regulation and the expression of telomerase activity. Therefore, research on telomerase and cell cycle regulation abnormalities has become a new direction in exploring the occurrence and treatment of leukemia.
3. Neuroprotective effect:
Mangiferin with a polyphenol structure protects neurons by reducing Ca2+ influx and oxidative stress, thereby reducing cell death caused by glutamate in neurons.
4. Antiviral effect:
It has an in vitro anti-herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-I) effect, with a plaque reduction rate of 56.8%. Its antiviral effect is attributed to its ability to inhibit intracellular viral replication.
5. Antipyretic effect:
It has a good antipyretic effect on experimental animal models of fever caused by endotoxin, and is positively correlated with the dose, and has a good protective effect on thermal injury.
6.Analgesic effect:
It has significant analgesic effect on pain induced by acetic acid and hot plate test. Compared with naloxone hydrochloride, it was found that the analgesia induced by mangiferin is not dependent on opioid receptors. Its analgesic effect is significant and has a slight impact on peripheral nerves.
7. Anti-parasitic effect
Mangiferin has a significant inhibitory effect on Cryptosporidium parvum in young mice. Effects of mangiferin on mice infected with nematode, Trichinella spiralis.
8. Anti-diabetic effect
After oral administration of mangiferin and its glucoside, there was no change in the blood glucose level of normal mice, but it could reduce the blood glucose concentration of the spontaneous diabetic animal model KK-Ay mice, and the serum insulin level also tended to decrease. Frucosides and their glucosides may display antidiabetic activity through insulin sensitization.
9. Hepatoprotective and choleretic effect
For liver protection, mangiferin can stabilize the lysosomal membrane and directly inhibit the activity of lysosomal acid phosphatase. Mangiferin also has significant choleretic effects.
10. Effect on the central nervous system
Mangiferin has obvious central nervous system stimulant effects. Mangiferin has the effect of clearing peroxidized lipids in brain tissue, reducing the damage of peroxidized lipids to neurons, thereby protecting the normal function of neurons.
11. Effect on the respiratory system:
It has an adrenal glucocorticoid-like anti-inflammatory effect and can reduce capillary permeability, with an anti-inflammatory response rate of 38%. Due to the anti-inflammatory effect of mangiferin, it has a certain effect on bronchial asthma, as shown in
① It can significantly extend the asthma induction time compared with the asthma group;
② Reduce the degree of asthma, and the incidence of convulsions is significantly lower than that of the asthma group;
③ The emphysema was significantly reduced, the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lungs was significantly less than that of the asthma group, and the lung/body weight ratio was significantly lower than that of the asthma group and close to that of the dexamethasone group. At the same time, mangiferin can reduce serum NO and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in alveolar lavage fluid, playing a certain preventive role in asthma attacks. Combining mangiferin with dexamethasone can improve the efficacy.
Extraction Method
1. Organic solvent extraction process
Using more than 90% ethanol as the extraction solvent, high-purity mangiferin can be extracted from mango leaves.
2. Water-based solvent extraction process
Mangiferin was extracted from mango leaves using weakly alkaline water as the extraction solvent. The extract was eluted with D101 macroporous resin column and impurity removal and decolorization by D301 column. This high-purity mangiferin extraction process is suitable for industrial large-scale production.
3. Enzymatic extraction process
Cellulase was used to enzymatically hydrolyze mango leaves to extract mangiferin. Experimental conditions: enzymatic pH was 5.0, temperature was 55°C, and time was 2h.
4. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction process The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process has the advantages of simplicity, short time consumption, energy saving, etc., and has good development and application prospects. The overview, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications of mangiferin are edited by Ding Hong.
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