Introduction
Plantain is the dried whole plant of Plantago planta or Plantago plantain. Plantain is highly adaptable and can be found everywhere in mountainous fields, roadsides and rivers from south to north in China. It is cold and drought tolerant and has no strict soil requirements. It can grow well on warm, moist, sunny, sandy and fertile soil.
Plantago lanceolata L.: Roots are clustered and whisker-shaped. The leaves are basal and have long stalks; the leaves are wrinkled and flattened into an oval-elliptical or broadly oval shape, 6 to 13 cm long and 2.5 to 8 cm wide; the surface is gray-green or dirty green, with 5 to 7 obvious arc-shaped veins; The apex is blunt or short-pointed, the base is broadly wedge-shaped, and the margin is entire or has irregular wavy shallow teeth. There are several spikes and long flower stems. Capsule cover cracked, calyx persisted. The smell is slightly fragrant and the taste is slightly bitter.
Plantago depressa Willd. : The main root is straight and long. The leaves are narrow, oblong or elliptical-lanceolate, 5 to 14 cm long and 2 to 3 cm wide.
Plantain is cold in nature and sweet in taste. It belongs to the liver, kidney, lung, and small intestine meridians. It has the effects of diuresis and treating stranguria, cooling blood and detoxification, clearing away heat and eliminating phlegm.
Function
1. Has diuretic effect
Under normal circumstances, taking 10 grams of plantain decoction orally can have a diuretic effect. However, the total capacity of the decoction and the daily amount of water are not recorded, lacking comparison. Correct use of plantain decoction can help eliminate water from the body and increase the excretion of urea, sodium chloride and uric acid.
2. Antitussive and asthmatic effect
Plantain decoction can smooth and relax the muscles of the trachea, relieve asthma and eliminate phlegm. The plantain flavonoid glycosides contained in it can promote the death of thickening fluid in the bronchus and trachea, and can also inhibit the respiratory center, slow down breathing, and achieve a certain antitussive effect.
3. Anti-pathogen maintenance effect
Plantain can have an anti-pathogen stabilizing effect, and the water immersion agent can inhibit the multiplication of various species in test tubes, such as Nocardia stellate and Concentric Trichophosphobacterium.
4.Clear away heat and eliminate phlegm
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that plantain enters the lung meridian and clears away heat and detoxifies, so it has the effect of clearing away heat and eliminating phlegm. It is suitable for coughs caused by phlegm-heat, yellow and thick phlegm, unpleasant vomiting, and red tongue with yellow and greasy coating.
Modern pharmacology has found that the plantarin contained in this product has antitussive and expectorant effects, which can significantly increase respiratory secretions, dilute sputum and make it easier to discharge. Therefore, if the body suffers from various types of bronchitis or pneumonia in daily life, it belongs to phlegm fever. People with lung obstruction can also take plantain for treatment.
5.Protect the gastrointestinal tract
Plantain extract or infusion can regulate gastric juice secretion in both directions, relieve the reduction of gastric juice secretion caused by epinephrine, and reduce the excessive gastric acid secretion caused by pilocarpine. At the same time, it can also inhibit the working state of the stomach and temporarily increase the secretion of intestinal juice, but it will not affect gastrointestinal motility. In addition, plantain also contains plantain pectin, which can relieve inflammatory edema caused by formaldehyde or dextran.
6.Scavenge oxygen free radicals
Plantain decoction can scavenge oxygen free radicals. Many pathological and physiological phenomena in the body are related to excessive oxygen free radicals, such as physical aging, inflammation, cerebral ischemia and tumors, so plantain can Have anti-aging effects.
Application
1.Would healing unguent
In an emergency, pick fresh plantain leaves, chew them thoroughly, and apply them as a poultice on wounds;
Pick plenty of fresh leaves, pound them, and make a generous poultice.
Used for ointment. Fill a dry glass jar with the freshly chopped young leaves, then secure the lid and seal with olive oil. It will be ready for use after six weeks. To use, add a tablespoon of warm beeswax oil and stir with your fingers until it melts. Then pour into a small jar for liquid ointment.
2.Health products
Its young leaves are made into tea to treat asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, fever, hypertension, rheumatism and diabetes.
3.Smoking cessation use
Broad-leaf plantain also makes people feel disgusted with tobacco and is an ingredient in smoking cessation preparations.
4.Mosquito bites
It also has an important use in treating mosquito bites, such as relieving itching, wound healing, relieving pain, etc. If you are bitten by an insect or snake, you can chew the leaves of Plantago leaves and apply it on the On wounds, use it as a plaster to heal.
5.Relieves constipation and reduces cancer risk
Plantain grows in the southern states of the United States, and its seeds are used to cook cereal, muffins, and bread to relieve constipation, lower blood cholesterol, and may reduce the risk of certain cancers.
Preparation technology of total plantain glycosides
Total glycosides of plantain are extracted from the whole plant of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicine Plantago depressa Willd and plants of the same genus (such as P.asiatica L., P.camtschatica Link, P.maritima L, etc.).
Plantain coarse powder, add a certain amount of acidic alcohol, reflux and extract twice, filter, combine the two filtrates, recover the alcohol under reduced pressure until all the alcohol is used up, centrifuge the aqueous solution to remove the precipitate, pass it through a macroporous resin column, wash with water, and wash with water for 20~ Elute with 80% acidic alcohol. Collect the eluent and recover the alcohol under reduced pressure until it is exhausted. The aqueous solution is then passed through the macroporous resin column. After washing with water, elute with 60 to 100% alcohol. Collect the eluent, add activated carbon for decolorization, and filter. , recover the alcohol under reduced pressure, and obtain yellow-brown plantain total glycosides.
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