Introduction:
D Biotin is the eight form of the water-soluble vitamin, biotin, also known as vitamin B7. It is a coenzyme - or auxiliary enzyme - used in many metabolic reactions in the body. Biotin is involved in lipid and protein metabolism, helping to convert food into glucose, which the body can use for energy. It is also important for maintaining the skin, hair and mucous membranes.
Biotin (Biotin) is one of the B vitamins, also known as vitamin H, vitamin B7, coenzyme R (Coenzyme R) and so on. It is a factor that can prevent hair loss and skin damage in rats induced by feeding raw egg protein from the liver when studying yeast growth factors and rhizobia growth and respiration promoting factors in the 1930s. Biotin is a member of the water-soluble vitamin B group. It is more abundant in liver, kidney, yeast, and milk, and is an important factor for organisms to fix carbon dioxide. It is easy to combine with a protein in egg white. Eating a lot of raw protein can hinder the absorption of biotin and lead to biotin deficiency, such as hair loss, weight loss, dermatitis, etc. Biotin plays an important role in biochemical reaction pathways such as fat synthesis and gluconeogenesis.
Biotin is the savior of bald people. It not only prevents hair loss and light on the top of the head, but also prevents the common gray hair of modern people. It also plays an important role in maintaining skin health. As for the effect of stabilizing the nervous system, it has not been confirmed, but it is indeed helpful for depression and insomnia.
Biotin is a coenzyme of various carboxylases and acts as a CO2 carrier in the carboxylase reaction.
Physiological function:
The human body needs about 100-300 micrograms per day. There is an anti-biotin protein in raw egg white that can combine with biotin, and the combined biotin cannot be absorbed by the digestive tract; resulting in the lack of biotin in animals, at this time, loss of appetite, glossitis, dandruff dermatitis, hair loss wait. However, no cases of biotin deficiency in humans have been seen, possibly due to the synthesis of biotin by gut bacteria in addition to food sources. Biotin is a coenzyme of various enzymes in the human body, participates in the metabolism of fatty acids and carbohydrates in the body; promotes protein synthesis; also participates in the metabolism of vitamin B12, folic acid, and pantothenic acid; promotes the synthesis and excretion of urea.
①Help the normal synthesis and metabolism of fat, glycogen and amino acid in the human body;
② Promote the normal operation and growth of sweat glands, nerve tissue, bone marrow, male gonads, skin and hair, and relieve symptoms of eczema and dermatitis;
③Prevent gray hair and hair loss, help to treat baldness;
④ ease muscle pain;
⑤ Promote urea synthesis and excretion, purine synthesis and biosynthesis of oleic acid.
⑥For the treatment of arteriosclerosis, stroke, abnormal lipid metabolism, hypertension, coronary heart disease and blood circulation disorders.
Biotin deficiency symptoms:
Biotin, also known as vitamin H and coenzyme R, consists of a ureido ring and a thiophene ring with a valeric acid side chain. It has 8 isomers, only one biotin exists naturally, and it has biological activity. Biotin in the body is mainly stored in the liver, and its concentration is 800-3000ng/g. The blood content is low. Its main function is to act as a coenzyme in the decarboxylation-carboxylation reaction and deamination reaction
Application:
Biotin is an essential coenzyme in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Participate in the mutual conversion between carbohydrates and proteins, and the conversion of proteins and carbohydrates into fat. And as a coenzyme of carboxylase, transfer carboxyl and fix carbon dioxide. It is also used as a prosthetic group for many enzymes and acts as a carboxyl carrier. In carbohydrate metabolism, it fixes carbon dioxide and decarboxylates. Biotin participates in the metabolic process of sugar, protein and fat in the form of coenzyme in animals. Biotin is necessary to maintain the development of animal skin, hair, hooves, reproduction and nervous system, and can also improve feed utilization and weight gain. When it is lacking, growth is slow, reproduction disorder, dermatitis, hair loss, skin keratosis, etc. occur. Pigs often have skin ulcers, inflammation of the oral mucosa, diarrhea, convulsions, cracks and bleeding on the soles of the hooves. It is mainly used as an adjuvant for diseases caused by vitamin H deficiency and malnutrition.
Effect
1. Participate in the metabolism of fatty acids and carbohydrates in the body, and is a coenzyme of various enzymes.
2. Promote protein synthesis, urea synthesis and excretion.
3. Improve the regulation of blood sugar, which is beneficial to the health and regeneration of cells.
Resolve resolution:
The synthesis method takes fumaric acid as the starting material, and through bromine addition, dibromo: compound is replaced by benzylamine and phosgene ring-closed to generate imidazolidinone maleic acid, which is then converted into an acid anhydride and ring-opened by cyclohexanol to form an exo Racemic monoesters are resolved into the desired optical isomers in high yields with ephedrine, and the enantiomers are recycled back to the anhydride. The ester bond in the lithium borohydride reduction makes it into an alcoholic hydroxyl group and converts it into a lactone of the desired configuration, which is treated with potassium thioacetate to generate a thiolactone, and then undergoes a Grignard reaction and dehydration to obtain a thiolactone in the side chain. intermediate carbon atoms. Catalytic hydrogenation saturates the side chain ethylenic bond and stereospecifically establishes the third chiral center, and treats it with hydrobromic acid to become a cyclic sulfonium salt, and uses the charge-absorbing property of the sulfonium cation to introduce into its adjacent carbon atom malonate residues to obtain biotin precursors. Finally, after acidic hydrolysis, the benzyl group used to protect the two amino groups is removed, and the malonate is converted into a diacid and decarboxylated to obtain optically pure biotin. The total yield of the whole process is greater than 25%, and the average yield of each step is over 90%.
