Basic information of L-carnitine
L-carnitine powder L-carnitine (L-carnitine), also known as L-carnitine or transliterated carnitine, is a kind of amino acid that promotes the conversion of fat into energy. Red meat is the main source of L-carnitine. L-carnitine is a kind of amino acid substance that naturally exists in the human body. It has the function of transporting fat to mitochondria and accelerating fat burning and decomposition, so that consumers can achieve weight loss. No toxic side effects on the human body. Different types of daily diets already contain 5-100 mg of L-carnitine, but the average person can only consume 50 mg per day from meals, and vegetarians consume even less. The main physiological function of L-carnitine is to promote the conversion of fat into energy. Taking L-carnitine can reduce body fat and weight without reducing water and muscle. In 2003, it was recognized by the International Obesity Health Organization as the safest and no side effects Nutritional supplements for weight loss.
Origin of L-Carnitine
The research on L-carnitine began in the early 20th century. In 1905, Russians Gulewitsch and Krimberg discovered L-carnitine from meat extracts. Since then, scientists from various countries have conducted in-depth research.
Early research found that L-carnitine is a vitamin-like nutrient and named it vitamin Bt. In fact, the chemical structure of alkali is similar to choline, which is similar to amino acids; in addition, because some animals can synthesize carnitine by themselves to meet the needs of carnitine, it is considered that carnitine is not a vitamin, but it is still customarily called vitamin BT.
The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences extensively reviewed research on L-carnitine, concluding in 1989 that "L-carnitine is not an essential nutrient" and that no "recommended intake" is required. At the International Nutrition Academic Conference held in Chicago in 1985, L-carnitine was designated as a "multifunctional nutritional product".
Development status
At present, L-carnitine has been used in the fields of medicine, health care and food, and has been stipulated as a legal multi-purpose nutritional agent by Switzerland, France, the United States and the World Health Organization. my country's food additive hygiene standard GB2760-1996 stipulates that L-carnitine tartrate is a food nutrition enhancer, which can be used in chewable tablets, drinking liquids, capsules, milk powder and milk drinks.
physical properties
L-carnitine, Left-carnitine, also known as L-carnitine, vitamin BT, chemical name β-hydroxy γ-trimethylammonium butyric acid, this product is white crystal or crystalline powder, with a slight special smell. Extremely hygroscopic, it will deliquesce and possibly liquefy when exposed to air. The product is easily soluble in water, ethanol, alkaloid solution and diluted mineral acid, almost insoluble in acetone or ethyl acetate.
L-carnitine is very easy to absorb moisture, and those with good stability can be placed in a solution with a pH of 3 to 6 for more than one year. It can withstand high temperatures above 200 ° C and has good water solubility and water absorption.
dietary supplement
The L-carnitine in the diet mainly comes from animals, while the content in plants is very small.
nimal sources: rich sources include lean meat, liver, heart, yeast, mutton, chicken, rabbit meat, milk and whey, etc.;
Plant sources: A small amount of Taiwanese alpine fruits such as avocado, kiwi fruit, raisins, papaya, lemon, aloe vera, lotus leaf, Pu-erh tea casein and malt.
deficiency symptoms
People who are fasting, vegetarian, strenuous exercise, obese, pregnant, male infertility, and infants who eat formula foods that are not fortified with carnitine are prone to carnitine deficiency. Dietary low levels of lysine, vitamins and iron also lead to carnitine deficiency. Carnitine levels are generally low in many patients such as heart disease, hyperlipidemia, kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, malnutrition, hypothyroidism, and certain muscle and neurological diseases. The supplement of L-carnitine mainly relies on exogenous supplements, and the importance of supplementing carnitine is no less than supplementing vitamins and mineral elements.
Role introduction
enhances endurance and improves athletic performance
L-carnitine can promote the oxidation and energy supply of fatty acids through the mitochondrial membrane, so it can promote the burning of fat in the body to provide energy during exercise. At the same time, L-carnitine can also promote the oxidation and utilization of branched chain amino acids, which can change the respiration in mitochondria Enzyme activity, which can improve the body's aerobic oxidation energy supply capacity.
Therefore, proper intake of L-carnitine by athletes can increase the energy production during exercise, improve the endurance level of the body, and thus improve sports performance, especially suitable for endurance sports.
As early as 1982, the Italian team participating in the World Cup in Spain used L-carnitine extensively as a nutritional supplement. In this event, the players of the Italian team were very physically fit, coupled with perfect technical performance, and the Italians finally won. champion. Since then, L-carnitine has been widely used in the sports world.
promotes recovery from fatigue
Supplementing L-carnitine can promote the activity of intracellular pyruvate dehydrogenase, thereby promoting the oxidation and utilization of glucose, which is beneficial to delay the occurrence of fatigue during exercise. Excessive lactic acid production during exercise will increase the acidity of blood and interstitial fluid, reduce the production of ATP, and cause fatigue. Supplementing L-carnitine can remove excessive lactic acid, improve exercise capacity, and promote the recovery of exercise-induced fatigue. Ammonia is a product of protein degradation and a hallmark of exercise-induced fatigue, and even lower ammonia levels can be highly toxic. Studies have found that L-carnitine has a protective effect against ammonia toxicity, can promote the urea cycle, and degrade ammonia into urea, thereby releasing the toxicity of ammonia.
Appropriate supplementation of L-carnitine also has a more obvious effect on chronic fatigue syndrome. L-carnitine participates in many metabolic links, and it plays an important role in improving the immunity of the human body, protecting the stability of cell membranes, improving exercise endurance and anti-fatigue. Actively correcting the lack of L-carnitine can promote the recovery of various metabolic disorders in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, enhance the energy synthesis of the body, improve the maximum exercise endurance level, and play an anti-fatigue role. It can also play a certain role in the prevention and treatment of sub-health.
slows down the aging process
Energy is the greatest anti-aging force, and cells will be full of vitality if they have enough energy. The weakening of cell energy in the aging process of the human body is one of the reasons for its accelerated aging, and proper supplementation of L-carnitine can delay the aging process.
In addition, enough energy plays a protective role for cells. When the body is aging, the energy supply of cells is insufficient. Supplementing L-carnitine can not only provide enough energy, but also keep the immune system strong, so as to avoid the invasion of some diseases.
is good for baby's health
L-Carnitine is a conditional essential infant nutrient that plays an important role in the metabolism of infants using fat as a source of energy.
Infant L-carnitine synthesis ability is weak, only 12% of adults, especially premature infants, must be supplemented with exogenous L-carnitine to meet the needs of the body.
L-carnitine not only plays an important role in energy production and fat metabolism, but also has certain functions in maintaining infant life and promoting certain physiological processes of infant development, such as ketogenic effect and nitrogen metabolism. At present, 22 countries in the world have added L-carnitine to infant milk powder, and my country has also launched breast milk powder with L-carnitine on the market.
is good for the health of the heart and blood vessels
The heart is the most "hardworking" organ in the human body, and it needs to pump blood continuously to maintain human life. At least two-thirds of the energy source of heart cells in constant exercise comes from fat oxidation, and L-carnitine is an indispensable key substance for fat oxidation. If there is a lack of L-carnitine, the heart will be affected first.
L-carnitine is extremely important for the health of heart muscle cells. Sufficient L-carnitine supplementation is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of various conditions of the heart. For example, it can improve the heart function of people suffering from congestive heart problems, and can minimize the Its damage can reduce the pain of angina pectoris and can improve arrhythmia without affecting blood pressure.
In addition, L-carnitine can also increase the level of high-density lipoprotein in the blood, help to remove cholesterol in the body, protect blood vessels, lower blood lipids, and at the same time lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients. A large number of animal and human experiments have confirmed that L-carnitine supplementation is beneficial to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. At present, the most extensive and in-depth clinical research in my country is the anti-myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia and blood lipid-lowering effects of L-carnitine.
helps eliminate fatty liver
The liver is an important metabolic organ for lipids and fats. In addition to eating too much fat can lead to fatty liver, when the body lacks L-carnitine or methyl supply is insufficient, it will cause long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders, and also cause fat in the liver. Fatty liver occurs due to excess accumulation in the liver.
Increasing or supplementing the intake of L-carnitine can regulate fat metabolism, promote fat oxidation, and fundamentally eliminate excess or accumulated fat in the body or organs. At present, countries such as Switzerland, the United States and Japan use L-carnitine to prevent the occurrence of fatty liver, and can also recover by adding L-carnitine to eliminate excessive fat accumulation in the liver.
for hemorrhagic shock
The mechanism of hemorrhagic shock is not only the vasomotor dysfunction caused by endocrine disorder under stress, but also closely related to the increase of free radical content and cell damage caused by ischemia and hypoxia. L-carnitine has multiple pharmacological effects on hemorrhagic shock.
Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal saline control group and L-carnitine treatment group. Ten rats in each group were given general anesthesia with 3% pentobarbital sodium (1ml/kg), and tracheal intubation. Femoral artery blood was collected to detect the blood pressure and changes of NO, MDA and SOD at 1h, 2h, 3h and 4h. Experimental results show that:
1. The average arterial pressure of the rats in the control group treated with normal saline recovered slowly and the pressure was very low, while the average arterial pressure in the L-carnitine group was significantly higher than that in the control group.
2. The content of MDA in the control group increased gradually. Compared with the control group, the content of MDA in the L-carnitine group decreased significantly.
3. The NO content in the control group increased gradually, and the MDA content in the L-carnitine group decreased significantly.
4. The SOD content in the blood of the control group gradually decreased. Compared with the control group, the SOD of the L-carnitine group was significantly higher.
The Importance of L-Carnitine
L-carnitine is a key substance in the process of fat metabolism, which can promote the oxidative decomposition of fatty acids into the mitochondria. It can be said that carnitine is a carrier for transporting fatty acids. During long-term high-intensity exercise, carnitine increases the oxidation rate of fat, reduces the consumption of glycogen, and delays fatigue at the same time.
At present, people have applied carnitine to weight loss for the general public, and for competitive athletes to reduce fat and fight fatigue. After years of observation, the effect is obvious. In the 1980 Olympic Games, Italian endurance athletes generally took L-carnitine and achieved remarkable results.
Especially in 1982, after Italian football players took L-carnitine and won the World Cup championship, L-carnitine became popular all over the world and became the new favorite of nutritional supplements. Many high-tech weight loss products use L-carnitine as one of the main ingredients for weight loss. L-carnitine can burn your fat in time, and make you healthy, slim and have a charming figure.
L-carnitine is an essential coenzyme in the process of fat metabolism, which can promote the entry of fatty acids into mitochondria for oxidative decomposition. If fat does not enter the mitochondria, no matter how you exercise or diet, you cannot consume it (fat).
As the key substance of fatty acid β-oxidation, L-carnitine can remove excess fat and other fatty acid residues in the body, and balance the energy in cells.
The principle of L-carnitine for weight loss
The metabolic process of fat has to go through an obstacle, which is the mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondria can burn fat to release energy and be consumed by the body, but long-chain fatty acids cannot pass this obstacle. L-carnitine has played the role of porters! Transport the long-chain fatty acids to the outside of the shield bit by bit and send them to the mitochondria for further oxidation!
L-carnitine is just a vehicle, how much fat is consumed does not depend on L-carnitine. This is like the bricks needed to build a building are transported by cars, but how many bricks are consumed to build a building does not depend on the number of cars, but on the size and structure of the building.
Simply put, if the amount of exercise (energy consumption) is not large and the fat consumption is not much, just increasing L-carnitine will not increase the oxidation function of fat, so it will not help weight loss.
Under normal circumstances (the amount of exercise is not very large), the human body will synthesize enough L-carnitine by itself, and there will be no problem of L-carnitine deficiency.
Only when the amount of exercise is very large, such as athletes or exercisers, the energy consumption per unit time is relatively large, and the "flow" of fat oxidation supply energy is relatively large, it is possible (many research reports support, and some research reports deny) the occurrence of L-carnitine Synthetic "relatively deficient" situations. At this time, taking extra L-carnitine, expanding the size of the transport fleet (carrier), and delivering more bricks (fatty acids) to the construction site (mitochondria) per unit time is obviously conducive to oxidation and consumption of more fat.
There are 7 indicators of healthy weight loss:
1) Weight loss per week generally does not exceed 2 catties (it may also vary according to the individual's adaptability), and the maximum does not exceed 4 catties;
2) While body weight and body fat decrease, body circumference (WHR\BMI index, etc.) also decreases;
3) Ensure that the calorie intake can provide the minimum daily energy demand of the body;
4) Ensure a balanced diet and meet the nutritional needs of the body and exercise;
5) Appropriate amount of exercise, neither too little (no effect) nor too much (burdens the body);
6) Good sleep (not heavy sleep), to ensure the implementation of the most scientific sports nutrition dual intervention weight loss method;
7) Be able to maintain a good mental state and a relaxed mood.
Unhealthy ways to lose weight
Using various diet pills and unhealthy acupuncture to try to curb one's increasingly fat body, this will not only easily damage the body and rebound weight loss, but may also damage or endanger life in serious cases. What's more, because the market of weight-loss drugs is mixed with good and bad, the market of weight-loss products is chaotic, and it casts a shadow over people's weight-loss.
With the popularity of the concept of healthy and green life, more and more people are favoring natural weight loss methods. Common natural weight loss methods include healthy weight loss exercise, natural healthy diet to lose weight, and ingredients without toxic side effects such as L-carnitine and Slimming products with active ingredients such as pure natural Chinese medicine, fruits and vegetables, and herbs.
Its main purpose is to reduce the intestinal absorption of lipids in food, control the body's calorie intake, and prevent new fat storage. Consume excess fat in the form of heat production, speed up the metabolism of fat, convert it into protein sugar, maintain the balance of the body's original nutrients, regulate body fat and blood lipids, and have the functions of body shaping and slimming.
Precautions for weight loss
L-carnitine will play a role within 1-6 hours after taking it, and it is best to increase the amount of exercise during this time period.
The current safe dosage range is 4G/day. Do not take a large amount of amino acids at the same time when taking it, otherwise it will affect the left-handed absorption.
Do not take L-carnitine before going to bed, otherwise it will affect sleep due to excitement.
When buying carnitine products, you should choose L-carnitine with higher purity.
L-carnitine is suitable for the crowd
1. People who need to lose weight
2. People who want to lose weight but are afraid of side effects
3. People who don't like a lot of exercise
4. The man with the belly of a general
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