Mangiferin Usage and synthesis method:
Mangiferin (mangiferin), also known as Guan Zhi Mu Ning or Mangiferin, is a carboxyketone glycoside of tetrahydroxypyrrole, which belongs to the flavonoid compound of bispheniron, and is mainly derived from the dry rhizome of Anemarrhena anemarrhena, a perennial herb of the Liliaceae family. , leaves, fruits, bark of almonds and mangoes, roots of the genus Salacia in the genus Salacia, etc.; it has the functions of relieving cough, relieving asthma and eliminating phlegm, immune, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, protecting liver and gallbladder, anti-inflammatory Lipid peroxidation, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and other pharmacological activities, the current clinical applications mainly include mango cough tablets, mango cough capsules, mangiferin tablets, mangiferin dripping pills, and these agents are limited to use in respiratory diseases.
Figure 1 is the structural formula of mangiferin,
About mango:
mango, Anacardiaceae mango, which is recorded in "Kaibao Materia Medica" to quench thirst, decoct leaves and drink to cure thirst; "Compendium of Materia Medica" records that it is the best fruit; "Compendium of Materia Medica" It has been recorded that mango can benefit stomach qi and stop vomiting and dizziness. Current research has found that mangiferin present in mango branches, leaves, and bark has a wide range of pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic, antibacterial, immune regulation, hypoglycemic, and antioxidant.
Pharmacological effects
Antioxidant effect
Due to the particularity of the structure of mangiferin, there are many phenolic hydroxyl groups in the molecule, and the phenolic hydroxyl groups happen to be important groups for scavenging free radicals and active oxygen. Its mechanism of action on free radicals can be attributed to two aspects: on the one hand, it directly acts on scavenging free radicals; on the other hand, it acts on iron and copper ions to reduce their further reaction with free radicals.
Neuroprotective effect
Mangiferin with polyphenol structure can protect neurons by reducing the cell death caused by glutamate in neurons by weakening Ca2+ influx and oxidative stress.
Antiviral effect
It has anti-herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-I) effect in vitro, and the plaque reduction rate is 56.8%. The antiviral effect is attributed to its ability to inhibit virus replication in cells.
The antipyretic effect
It has a good antipyretic effect on the experimental animal model of fever caused by endotoxin, and is positively correlated with the dose, and has a good protective effect on thermal injury.
The analgesic effect
It has a significant analgesic effect on the pain induced by acetic acid and hot plate test. Compared with naloxone hydrochloride, it is found that the analgesia induced by mangiferin is not dependent on opioid receptors, and its analgesic effect is significant. Peripheral nerves were slightly affected.
Anti-parasitic effect
Mangiferin has obvious inhibitory effect on Cryptosporidium parvum in young mice. Effects of mangiferin on mice infected with the nematode, Trichinella spiralis.
Anti-diabetic effect After oral administration of mangiferin and its glucoside, the blood sugar level of normal mice does not change, but it can reduce the blood sugar concentration of spontaneous diabetic animal model KK-Ay mice, and the serum insulin level also tends to decrease. Fruit glycosides and their glucosides can show anti-diabetic activity through insulin sensitization
Hepatoprotective and choleretic effect Protecting the liver, mangiferin has the effect of stabilizing the lysosome membrane, and has a direct inhibitory effect on the activity of lysosome acid phosphatase. Mangiferin also has obvious choleretic effect.
The effect on the central nervous system
Mangiferin has obvious excitatory effect on the central nervous system. Mangiferin has the function of removing lipid peroxide in brain tissue, reducing the damage of lipid peroxide to neurons, thereby protecting the normal function of neurons.
The effect on the respiratory system has adrenal glucocorticoid-like anti-inflammatory effect, which can reduce capillary permeability, and its anti-inflammatory response rate reaches 38%. Due to the anti-inflammatory effect of mangiferin, it has a certain effect on bronchial asthma, as shown in ① it can significantly prolong the induction time compared with the asthma group; ② it can reduce the degree of asthma, and the incidence of convulsions is significantly lower than that of the asthma group; The inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs was significantly less than that of the asthma group, and the lung/body weight ratio was significantly lower than that of the asthma group and close to that of the dexamethasone group. At the same time, mangiferin can reduce the level of serum NO and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in alveolar lavage fluid, and has a certain preventive effect on asthma attacks. The combination of mangiferin and dexamethasone can improve the efficacy.
Extraction method
The organic solvent extraction process uses more than 90% ethanol as the extraction solvent, and high-purity mangiferin can be extracted from mango leaves.
Water-based solvent extraction process Mangiferin is extracted from mango leaves with weak alkaline water as the extraction solvent, and the extract is eluted with D101 column macroporous resin and D301 column to remove impurities and decolorize. This high-purity mangiferin extraction process is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Enzymatic extraction process Cellulase is used to enzymatically hydrolyze mango leaves to extract mangiferin. Experimental conditions: pH of enzymatic hydrolysis is 5.0, temperature is 55°C, and time is 2h.
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction process The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process has the advantages of simplicity, short time consumption, energy saving, etc., and has a good development and application prospect. The overview, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications of mangiferin were edited by Ding Hong of Chemicalbook. (2016-02-01)
Clinical application
It is used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection;
It can be used to make mango cough medicine, which has good antitussive and anti-infective effects;
Mangiferin combined with erythromycin can prevent and treat acne;
Mangiferin cooperates with oxaliplatin to promote the apoptosis of cancer cells and improve the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin in vitro.
The chemical properties are derived from the fruit of the Anacardaceae plant Mango (Mangiferaindica L.) and are used for content determination/identification/pharmacological experiments, etc.
Pharmacological effects:
This product has the effects of inhibiting the central nervous system, anti-inflammation, antibacterial, anti-herpes simplex virus, choleretic and immune, and has a protective effect on simulated plateau acute hypoxic liver injury. Pharmacological experiments show that this product has a good curative effect in the treatment of chronic bronchitis, and it is the main active ingredient of Tibetan Yinchen in the treatment of hepatitis, and it is the antiviral active ingredient in the rhizome of Zhimu. Uses A natural phenolic flavonoid investigated as an antimicrobial or antidiabetic agent with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Mangiferin can be used to aid in the identification and characterization of type II 5-alpha-reductases. MGF can be used as a reference substance for the analysis of flavonoids. MGF may act as a facilitator of gastrointestinal transit (GIT)
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