Introduction:
Mannose is an organic compound with a molecular formula of C6H12O6 and a molecular weight of 180.156. It is a colorless or white crystalline powder. It is a type of sugar that plays an important role in the metabolism of the human body, especially in the glycosylation process of specific proteins. Mannose is a white crystal or crystalline powder with a sweet and bitter taste. +29.3° (water); the melting point of β-type is 132°C (decomposition), -17°→+14.6° (water). Soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol. D-mannose and calcium chloride easily form the crystalline compound C6H12O6·CaCl2·4H2O, and show complex mutarotation effects. D-mannose can be fermented by yeast. Mannitol is a natural food sweetener and a polyol substance. It is mainly naturally produced by plants. For example, cauliflower, sugar cane, corn, apples, pears and other fruits and vegetables contain varying degrees of D-mannose. Sugar alcohols. Mannose is also a monosaccharide and a six-carbon sugar. They rarely exist alone in nature, but mostly appear in the form of macromolecules in groups. It is less sweet than sucrose and can be used as a sugar substitute for diabetic patients.
It is one of the important components of avian influenza virus particles together with ribose, galactose, fucose and glucosamine.
During the carbohydrate metabolism process, mannose will be phosphorylated to form mannose-6-phosphate due to the action of hexokinase.
CAS number: 3458-28-4
Molecular formula: C6H12O6
Molecular weight: 180.16
EINECS number: 222-392-4
Molecular formula:
Melting point: 133-140 °C(lit.)
Specific rotation: 14º (589nm, c=10, H2O)
Boiling point: 232.96°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1,539 g/cm3
Refractive index: 1.5730 (estimate)
Storage conditions: room temp
Solubility: H2O:50 mg/mL
Acidity coefficient (pKa): 12.08 (at 25℃)
Optical activity: [α]20/D +13.8±0.5°, 24 hr, c = 10% in H2O
Water solubility: 2480 g/L (17 ºC)
Maximum wavelength (λmax): λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.1λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.1
Stability: Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Preparation:
D-mannose can be prepared by hydrolysis of D-mannose-rich polysaccharides (ivory palm, yeast mannan, etc.). It can also be synthesized by oxidizing D-mannitol (a by-product of the kelp iodine industry) with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ferrous ions. It can also be prepared by epimerization of D-glucose, or by increasing the carbon chain of D-arabinose.
Advantage:
1. Low calorie: The caloric value of D-mannitol is only about half of that of ordinary sugar, which can effectively reduce caloric intake.
2. Not easy to cause blood sugar fluctuations: D-mannitol is not immediately absorbed by the body. It can be slowly metabolized and does not cause blood sugar fluctuations, so it is also suitable for diabetic patients.
3. Does not damage teeth: D-mannitol will not be decomposed by bacteria in the oral cavity to produce acidic substances, thereby not damaging teeth.
4. Prevent constipation: D-mannitol has a slight laxative effect, which can promote intestinal peristalsis and prevent constipation.
5. Maintain taste and texture: D-Mannitol can not only provide sweetness, but also maintain appropriate taste and texture of food and beverages, making it more in line with consumers' taste needs.
effect:
D-mannose is a food additive that has the functions and effects of supplementing energy, promoting metabolism, laxative, regulating blood sugar, and enhancing immunity.
1. Replenish energy
D-mannose is an organic substance that can be converted into energy in the body and absorbed and utilized by the body to supplement the energy needed by the body.
2. Promote metabolism
D-mannose can promote the body's metabolism, help discharge toxic substances from the body, and can also improve the body's immunity.
3. Loose intestines and relieve constipation
D-mannose contains a large amount of dietary fiber, which can promote gastrointestinal motility, facilitate the digestion and absorption of food, has a laxative effect, and can help improve constipation.
4. Regulate blood sugar
D-mannose contains a large amount of glucose, which can replenish energy for the body and help maintain blood sugar stability. If you have hypoglycemia, you can consume D-mannose in moderation, which will help improve symptoms such as dizziness and fatigue caused by hypoglycemia.
5. Enhance immunity
D-mannose is rich in vitamins, minerals, trace elements and other nutrients. Proper consumption can supplement the body with the nutrients it needs, promote the body's metabolism, and enhance immunity to a certain extent.
However, it should be noted that people who are allergic to mannose should not consume it to avoid allergic reactions, rashes, itching and other uncomfortable symptoms. In addition, since mannose contains a large amount of sugar, it is not recommended for patients with diabetes to avoid raising blood sugar and not conducive to controlling the disease.
Application areas:
It has applications in food, cosmetics, medicine and feed fields.
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