Calcium is a necessary basic element of the human body, calcium in the human body mainly in the form of bones, teeth, 99% of the body's calcium exists in bones and teeth, supporting the human body's movement and chewing ability.
Calcium citrate is a calcium salt of citric acid. It is a common food additive (E333(iii)) and is commonly used as a calcium nutritional supplement. Calcium makes up 21% of calcium citrate.
Calcium citrate is an odorless white powder, odorless, slightly hygrometric, slightly soluble in water, soluble in acid, almost insoluble in ethanol, crystalline water heated to 100 ° C gradually lose water, 120 ° C completely lose water.
At present, calcium on the market is generally divided into inorganic calcium and organic calcium, inorganic calcium is mainly calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate although the calcium content is high, but the solubility is low, and the gastrointestinal tract is stimulated; It should be noted that calcium carbonate requires gastric acid dissolution, and pregnant women with insufficient stomach acid should be used with caution. Organic calcium acid is generally soluble and has little irritation to the gastrointestinal tract. Organic calcium acid mainly calcium citrate, calcium lactate and so on. Although the calcium content of organic calcium is slightly lower than that of inorganic calcium, many studies at home and abroad have shown that the absorption rate and bioavailability of organic calcium are significantly higher than that of inorganic calcium, especially calcium citrate. Calcium citrate is easy to absorb, and does not stimulate the stomach, not easy to cause constipation, more suitable for pregnant women such special people.
Calcium citrate as a food calcium enhancer, the absorption effect is better than inorganic calcium, is the first choice for people who lack calcium or need calcium supplements, It can be used to fortify a variety of foods, including infant formula, fruit juices, dairy products, solid drinks, sports drinks, milk, soy milk, health products and cereal products. China stipulates that it can be used for grain and its products, the amount of use is 8~16g/kg; It is 1.8~3.6g/kg in milk drinks and liquids.
Calcium citrate is filtered, washed and dried by neutralizing citric acid solution with lime milk. Eggshells can also be used as raw materials, which are cleaned, crushed and calcined to make lime milk, and then neutralized with citric acid solution, and then filtered, washed and dried to produce finished products.
In some studies, the bioavailability of calcium citrate was equal to that of calcium carbonate. However, the base of calcium carbonate - carbonic acid, will be easy to precipitate with other ions, some people eat calcium carbonate calcium tablets will be easy to constipation, may be caused by insufficient gastric acid secretion, then it is recommended to use calcium citrate, because citric acid itself is not easy to precipitate the base. In addition, carbonic acid will also produce carbon dioxide in an acidic environment, which is also some people taking calcium carbonate tablets will flatulence, hiccups, calcium citrate and calcium carbonate are different, calcium citrate will not be affected by stomach acid. People who are sensitive to antacids or have difficulty producing enough stomach acid should use calcium citrate instead of calcium carbonate. In a 2009 study of calcium absorption after gastric bypass surgery, calcium citrate may have improved bioavailability relative to calcium carbonate in patients who took calcium citrate as a dietary supplement after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. This is mainly due to related changes in the absorption of calcium in the digestive tract of these people.
In addition to the biological field, calcium citrate is also used in other ways：
Anti-inflammatory agents
Inflammation is an important component of physiological host defense, excessive reactive oxygen species can also lead to inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and eventually produce the formation of a variety of biochemical and physiological lesions. Some studies have shown that calcium citrate is an effective anti-inflammatory agent, which can inhibit the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and promote the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase
The movement increases. Calcium citrate is also added as an ingredient in some anti-inflammatory drugs, including aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide co-precipitation, aluminum hydroxide/sodium bicarbonate co-precipitation, aluminum glycine, calcium acetate, calcium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, etc., for the treatment of gastric acid-related diseases and inflammatory diseases. Drugs used include proton pump inhibitors, buffers, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Anticoagulation
Safe and effective in vitro anticoagulation is necessary for blood purification, especially for long-term sustained kidney replacement therapy. Compared with systemic anticoagulation, local citrate anticoagulation has the advantages of lower bleeding rate, better membrane biocompatibility and longer filter life.
Fluorescence labeling
Calcium citrate powder with fluorescence effect was prepared by doping 6% Eu3+ with calcium citrate as matrix. As a new luminescent substrate, calcium citrate deserves further development for its application, such as C12H18Ca3O18: xEu3+ luminescent particles can be tried for biofluorescent labeling.
Calcium citrate is an ideal calcium
Used as a calcium supply, calcium citrate in absorption, bioavailability, tolerance or lithogenic properties of the performance is different, calcium citrate is an ideal calcium, used as a calcium supply, it has a higher bioavailability than calcium carbonate. The absorption rate of calcium citrate is 22% to 27% higher than that of calcium carbonate, and the bioavailability of calcium citrate in calcium citrate is 2.5 times higher than that of calcium carbonate
Application of bone repair
Calcium citrate has excellent biological properties and is an alternative material for artificial bone repair
As a new medical material, calcium citrate has been gradually found to have a lot of value. With the development and exploration of medical materials, it is an inevitable trend to change the original process method to improve the biological activity of medical calcium citrate due to performance requirements. It is an inevitable trend to obtain a variety of micro-morphology and high biological activity of calcium citrate by the synthesis and preparation method under controlled conditions.
Calcium citrate has a wide range of applications, from well-known calcium supplements, anti-inflammatory agents, anticoagulant effects, bone repair materials to some other non-medical field functions, its advantages are being slowly explored by researchers. The preparation method plays a decisive role in the application field of calcium citrate, and different internal structures and sizes will bring different application fields
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