As people pay more and more attention to dietary structure and nutritional needs, functional oligosaccharides such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) have become popular due to their low sweetness, low energy, difficulty in absorption, and intestinal tract health. Probiotics have the characteristics of growing, regulating intestinal microecology, and improving the body's immunity. They have become important basic raw materials and food additives and are widely used in the food industry, especially the dairy industry.
Fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides
FOS is composed of fructose and glucose connected through β-2,1 glycosidic bonds and cannot be digested by enzymes in the digestive tract. FOS is widely present in a variety of plants, such as potatoes, onions, bananas, Jerusalem artichokes, rye, etc.
FOS has good solubility and thermal stability. Compared with sucrose, FOS has a pure sweetness and lower sweetness. It has certain effects on improving the taste of food, extending the shelf life of products, promoting the growth and reproduction of bifidobacteria, and promoting the absorption of trace elements. effect.
GOS is composed of galactose or glucose connected with 1 to 7 galactosyl groups. Human breast milk contains the highest GOS content, while animal milk contains less GOS.
Since the digestive system of newborns is still in the development stage, the establishment of probiotic flora in the baby's body depends largely on the GOS component of breast milk. Therefore, GOS is generally added to the nutritional ingredients of infant formula milk powder to improve the digestion of infants and young children. Ability and immunity levels.
In addition, GOS is a nutritional source and proliferation factor for beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the human intestine, and plays a good role in promoting the establishment of intestinal microecology.
Research progress on the efficacy of oligosaccharides
Regarding the research on the efficacy of functional oligosaccharides FOS and GOS, a literature search found that due to differences in test populations, age groups, clinical trial methods and purposes, clinical trial cycles and other factors, there are also certain differences in the clinical efficacy of FOS and GOS. difference
Functional oligosaccharides FOS and GOS are mainly used for clinical research purposes to improve intestinal flora and gastrointestinal symptoms. Generally speaking, as age increases, the effective dose will gradually increase; in addition, clinical trials have proven that FOS The clinical results are more effective when used in combination with GOS in a certain proportion.
Application of functional oligosaccharides in dairy products
Functional oligosaccharides are excellent in regulating immune function, increasing the number of beneficial intestinal bacteria, and improving mineral absorption. They are also widely used in infant formula milk powder, children's milk, yogurt, and milk drinks.
1. Application of fructooligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides in infant formula milk powder. Functional oligosaccharides are good nutritional fortification ingredients in infant formula milk powder. Their addition in milk powder has experienced from single to A multi-faceted process. Currently, the prebiotics added to most products are mainly FOS and GOS.
In 2004, Abbott was the first to add functional oligosaccharides to its infant milk powder, which had a great impact on the domestic infant formula milk powder market.
With the improvement of health awareness among consumers, functional oligosaccharides have become the selling point of infant milk powder for a long time. The functional oligosaccharides in infant formula milk powder currently on the market are mainly FOS, GOS, The GOS/FOS ratio is mainly added.
2. Application of fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides in children’s milk
Children's milk is crucial for teenagers aged 3 to 14 who are in a critical period of development. In addition to the protein and calcium in milk, most children's milk contains key nutrients such as vitamin D and DHA, which can promote children's bone and intellectual development.
At present, as parents pay more attention to children's immunity, the concept of functional prebiotics is gradually becoming familiar to consumers. The children's milk on the market contains FOS and GOS in the ratio of Future Star Bone and Jiazhi; in the Thai market Nutricia Hi-Q3 Plus Prebio Stage 4 Children's Milk also contains FOS and GOS ingredients.
3. Application of fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides in fermented milk
At present, consumers' demand for fermented yogurt is not only satisfied with its taste. The functionalization of fermented milk and the segmentation of consumer groups have gradually become its development trend. Functional food raw materials are widely used in fermented dairy products.
Taking immunity enhancement as an example, Guanyi milk is added with FOS and Bifidobacterium BB-12 to enhance intestinal immunity by adding prebiotics and probiotics at the same time; Guangming Jianneng probiotic yogurt is added with fructo-oligosaccharides. powder and Bifidobacterium breve powder to enhance immunity and promote digestion; FOS (content ≥ 1%) is also added to Coco Tibetan pure yogurt to regulate the intestinal environment and enhance intestinal motility; Japanese Brighten smooth contains tens of billions of probiotics and GOS, which has a good protective effect on the intestines of pregnant women, lactating mothers, and infants.
4. The application prospects of fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides. FOS and GOS have many incomparable advantages with other sugars. They are new sugar sources integrating nutrition and health care. They are widely used in general foods, health products, special medical foods, and animal products. It has broad application prospects in feed.
FOS has low caloric value and good thermal stability. It can replace the sucrose currently widely used in baked goods such as bread, cakes, and Chinese desserts. It can help improve the color and taste of the product and enhance the healthy positioning of the product.
You can also consider adding FOS to ordinary beverages and wines to meet taste needs while adding more functional options.
FOS and GOS have been widely used in health care products, but they mainly focus on protecting the function of the gastrointestinal tract. Physiological studies have shown that they also play an important role in mineral absorption, lipid metabolism, etc., so they are important in supplementation. In the development process of health products that supplement iron, zinc or promote lipid movement, you can consider adding oligosaccharides such as FOS and GOS to exert their synergistic effects.
FOS has the effect of proliferating probiotics. Adding a small amount of FOS to fermented products can increase the number of lactic acid bacteria and shorten the fermentation time. It can be considered for use in the fermentation process of yogurt, cheese, pickles, soy sauce, beer and other products.
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